YARMOUTH 472 YATES go down to the Punjab. The soil of the province, which is watered by the Yar- kund river, a tributary of the Tarim Kul, which flows E. into the lake called Lob Nor, is fertile; the crops are wheat, rice, barley, millets, fruits, and mul- berry; and there are large herds of sheep, goats, cattle, and horses. Pop. about 70,000. YARMOUTH, or, as it is more strickly called Great Yaemouth, an English sea- port, important fishing station, watering place, and municipal and parliamentary borough, in the county of Norfolk, 20 miles E. of Norwich; on a long and narrow tongue of land running from N. to S. between the German Ocean and the estuary of the Yare. The town is connected by a bridge with Little Yar- mouth, or South Town, in Suffolk. Along the sea frontage stretches a prom- enade and carriage drive for three miles, with two piers. Parallel with the N. and S. quays, extending for nearly a mile and a quarter, are the principal streets, crossed by numerous narrow lanes called "rows." The parish church of St. Nicholas, founded in 1101, and of late years completely restored, is one of the largest in the kingdom. Yarmouth has a naval lunatic asylum. It is the great seat of the English herring and mackerel fishery, and also furni-shea large quantities of white fish. The cur- ing of herring as "Yarmouth bloaters" is an important industry. The coast is dangerous, but Yarmouth Roads between the shore and a range of sandbanks oflFers a safe anchorage. Pop. about 55,000. YARMOUTH, a town and port of entry of Yarmouth co.. Nova Scotia; on the Bay of Fundy, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Dominion Atlantic railroad; 90 miles S. of St. John, N. B. The town has extensive fishing, shipping, and manufacturing interests, Yarmouth Seminary, schools , daily and weekly newspapers, electric lights, and street railways. Pop. about 7,000. YARN, any textile fiber prepared for weaving into cloth. Cotton yarn is num- bered according to the number of hanks contained in a pound of 7,000 grains. Each hank, or skein, measures 840 yards. Worsted yam has 560 yards to the skein; w-oolen yarn has 1,600 yards to the skein or run. Linen yarn is wound upon reels, and made up into leas, hanks, and bundles. Flax and jute yarn is numbered according to the num- ber of leas of 300 yards per pound. YAROSLAV, or JAROSLAV, a prov- ince of European Russia; bounded by the provinces of Novgorod, Vologda, Kostroma, Vladimil and Tver. The sur- face is level and well watered by the Volga and its tributaries, the Mologa and Sheksma. The W. portion of the prov- ince has numerous ponds and marshes, the largest being Lake Nero, near Ros- tov, from which the Weska flows. The Volga is connected with the Neva by two canals through which considerable commerce was carried on before the World War. Market gardening, tim- ber cutting, mining, and manufacturing were the chief occupations. There were extensive linen and cotton mills, and factories for the manufacture of chem- icals, machinery, metal ware, flour, to- bacco and spirits, making Yaroslav one of the principal manufacturing prov- inces of Russia. Considerable com- merce was carried on by the two rail- way lines, the Rybinsk-St. Petersburg and the Yaroslav-Moscow-Vologda. Area, 13,751 square miles; pop. about 1,200,000. YAROSLAV, a city and capital of the province of Yaroslav, Russia; at the confluence of the Kotorost and Volga riv- ers; 173 miles N. E. of Moscow. It is the seat of the provincial government and of an archbishop. The city is largely engaged in manufacturing and com- merce, the right bank of the Volga being lined for 2 miles with quays. There were, before the World War, numerous cotton and linen mills, silk factories, and bell foundries. The village of Velikoje Selo, included in the city, was the center of the linen manufacture of Russia, and had an annual output valued at $3,000,000. The city is the seat of Uspenskij Cathedral, begun in 1215, and has numerous other very old churches, several monasteries, schools, gymnasia, a theological seminary, and a lyceum with a law faculty. The left bank of the Volga is the suburban and residen- tial portion of the city and contains many beautiful dwellings. Pop. about 75,000. YARRA-YARRA, the Australian river on which Melbourne, Victoria, is situated; length about 100 miles. On account of falls it is not navigable above Melbourne. See Melbourne. YATES, EDMUND HODGSON, an English journalist and novelist; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, July 3, 1831; the son of the actor Frederick Henry Yates (1797-1842), who from 1825 was mana- ger of the Adelphi Theater. He was educated at Highgate and Dvisseldorf, and from 1847 till 1872 had a position in the postoffice, being for 10 years chief of the missing letter department. He lectured in the United States in 1872- 1873; was special correspondent at
