YPSILANTI 486 YTTRIUM manufactories of condiments, dress stays, paper, woolen goods, etc., Pop. (1910) 6,230; (1920) 7,413. YPSILANTI, a Fanariot family claim- ing descent from the Comneni. Its most conspicuous members are: Alexander, born 1725, a dragoman of the Porte, hospodar of Wallachia from 1774 to 1782, and again in 1790. He was carried prisoner to Briinn in 1792. Re- leased, he returned to Constantinople, propounded a scheme for the fusion of the Greek and Turkish people, but hav- ing incurred the suspicion of the Porte, was executed in 1805. CoNSTANTiNE, his SOU, born in Con- stantinople, in 1760, early planned the freedom of Greece. His scheme was prematurely discovered, and he fled to Vienna. Pardoned by the Sultan, he was hospodar of Moldavia from 1799 till 1805, when he went to Russia, but re- turned to Bucharest with 20,000 men, again bent on freeing Greece. But the peace of Tilsit interrupting his plans, he returned to Russia, and died in Kiev, July 28, 1816. Alexander, eldest son of the preced- ing, born in Constantinople, Dec. 12, 1792, followed his father to Russia, en- tered the army, and served with distinc- tion in various campaigns. In March, 1821, he entered the Moldavia, and raised the standard of revolt among the Rumanians. Russia, however, frowned on his enterprise; the natives were apa- thetic, and he was defeated by the Turks at Dragaschen, near Galatz, June 19, 1821. He fled to Austria, and was in- terned at Munkacs, in Hungary. He died in Vienna, Jan. 31, 1828. Demetrios, brother of the preceding, born Dec 25, 1793, served in the Rus- sian army, and in 1821 went to the Morea, where he played a brilliant part in the struggle. But, though a brave soldier and a successful general, as his victory at Tripolitza and his splendid defense of Argos show, his influence was constantly undermined by the "native" party, who never forgot that he was a Fanariot, and therefore half a foreigner. In 1827j however, he was made Com- mander-in-Chief of the Greek army, but the unhandsome treatment he received "from the government of Capo d'Istria compelled him to resign his post, Jan. 1, 1830. He then withdrew from public affairs, and died in Vienna, Jan. 3, 1832. YRIABTE, CHARLES EMILE (i- ri-art') a French journalist, of Spanish descent; born in Paris, France, in 1832. Among his works are: "Spanish Society" (1864) ; "Parisian Portraits" (1865) ; "The Life of a Venetian Patrician in the Sixteenth Century" (1874); "Venice: Its History, Art, Industry, the City and Its Life" (1879); "Italian Sculpture in the Fifteenth Century" (1885) ; "Fran- cesca da Rimini" (1882) ; "Cesar Borgia" (1888). He died in 1898. YSAYE, EUGENE, a Belgian violin- ist; born in Liege, Belgium, July 16, 1858; studied at the Liege Conservatory; traveled extensively till his appointment as first violinist in the Brussels Conserv- atory; came to the United States in 1894; and appeared in Boston and New York with great success. YSSEL, or IJSSEL, the name of sev- eral rivers in the Nethei'lands. The NiEuw YssEL, one of the principal arms of the Rhine, leaves that river below Arnheim, flows N. E. for 16 miles to Doesburg, where it receives the OUDEJ YssEL from Westphalia, then N. E., N., and N. W., through Gelderland and Overyssel, past Zutphen and Deventer, receiving the Borkel and Schip-Beek, emptying at Kampen by many arms into the Zuyder Zee, and forming a con- stantly widening delta. It is one of the five main arms of the Rhine, is 320 feet broad at Zutphen, 764 at Kampen, and 90 miles in length. The Nedeb Yssel, an arm of the Leek, which leaves that stream at Vianen, flows W. through Utrecht at Oudewater. enters Southern Holland and flows S. W. past Gouda to join the Maas, forming at its mouth the island of Ysselmonde. YSSELMONDE, or IJSSELMONDE (i'sl-mon-duh) , an island of the Nether- lands, opposite the mouth of the Yssel. YSTAD, a seaport of Sweden, on the extreme S. coast, 55 miles E. S. E. of Copenhagen, and 85 N. N. E. of Stral- sund. It has two churches, and manufac- tures of tobacco, chicoi'y, sugar, soap, cloth, and leather. Ystad has a good harbor, is in regular steamboat com- munication with the chief Baltic ports, and is connected with the ^ Southern Swedish railway by a branch line opened in 1866. There is considerable trade, chiefly in corn. YTTRIUM, in chemistry, a dyad earth-metal, symbol Y, at. wt. 89, ex- isting, together with erbium, as a sili- cate in gadolinite. It is obtained in the metallic state by digesting the rnineral with hydrochloric acid, precipitating with oxalic acid, dissolving the oxalates formed in nitric acid, and separating by a series of fractional crystallizations; the erbium salt, being the less soluble of the two, crystallizing out first. On converting the nitrate into a chloride,
