ZOOLOGICAIi GABDEN 503 ZOBOASTEB ally measured ox' calculated in fathoms. There are five zones to mark the bathy- metric distribution of marine animals. Some of them are named from the dis- tribution of sea plants, which also they mark: The Littoral Zone, between tide marks; the Laminarian Zone, from low water to 15 fathoms; the Carolline Zone, from 15 to 50 fathoms; the Deep-Sea Coral Zone, 50 to 100 fathoms; the Abyssal Zone, beyond 100 fathoms. In geography, one of the five imagin- ary belts surrounding the earth. They are the North Frigid Zone, between the North Pole and the Arctic Circle; the North Temperate Zone, between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer; the Torrid Zone, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn ; the South Temperate Zone, between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle; and the South Frigid Zone, between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole. In geology, zones are particular beds in the stages or divisions of certain geo- logical formations, as, the primordial zone. In mathematics, the portion of the surface of a sphere included between two parallel planes. Ciliary zone, in anat- omy, a term for the appearance which the pigment between the ciliary pro- cesses leaves on the hyaloid membrane, like the disk of a flower; also called Corona cilia/ris. Isothermal zone, in geography and meteorology, the space between two isothermal lines. ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN, a public garden in which a collection of animals is kept. The gardens of the Zoological Society, Regent's Park, London (famil- iarly termed "the Zoo"), founded in 1828, are probably the finest of the kind in the world. They belong to the Zoological Society of London, which was founded in 1826. Of the other chief zoological gar- dens, the Jardin des Plantes in Paris is the oldest, having been founded in 1794. The most important zoological gardens in the United States are in New York, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, and San Francisco. The S. E. section of Bronx Park (654 acres), New York, comprising 261 acres, is in charge of the New York Zoological Society, who have developed there the most extensive zoological garden in the country and one of the best in the world. ZOOLOGY, that portion of natural his- tory which treats of the classification, structure, habits and habitations of ani- mals. Closely related to zoology is the study of embryology, while comparative anatomy and physiology are the branches which dominate the study of the physical structure of man. ZORNDORF (tsom'-), a village of Brandenburg, Prussia ; 53 miles E. by N. of Berlin. Here a battle was fought Aug. 25, 1758, between the Prussian and Russian armies; the former, commanded by the King of Prussia, obtained a vic- tory over the forces of the czarina, whose loss amounted to 21,529 men, while that of the Prussians was about 11,000. ZOROASTER (so the Greeks pro- nounced the name of Zarathushtra) , the founder or reformer of the ancient religion of the Parsees. He appears as a historical person only in the earliest portion of the Avesta the Gathic hymns, where the aspirations, hopes, and fears of an actual human agent are unmis- takably present. His name means "Bay camels." His father was Pourusaspa, "Many horses"; his wife was Hvogvi (i. e., of the Hvogvas) ; his daughter was Pouru-chista, the Discreet. His family name was Spitama. This much we may accept from the statement of documents, but as soon as we leave the last Gatha, which was the wedding song of his daughter, we have no reliable data. Whether he was born in Ragha, the "Zarathushtrian" province (possibly later so called from its having become a political and ecclesiastical center), or nearer the scene represented in the Vendidad (chap, i.), where countries to the E. are mentioned (so more prob- ably) , or, again, whether Atropatene was his home, one thing seems certain, which is that all the persons named in the Gathas belong beside him. Notwith- standing Yasna, xlvi. 1. with its "to what land (district) shall I turn?" which probably gave rise to the erroneous opinion, he was no immigrant or emi- grant going prophetically from country to country; for such a career at such an age would have been soon cut short by his execution. He is thoroughly at home and among his relatives in the Gathas. As the center of a group of chieftains, one of whom was the king Vishtaspa ("Horse-owner"?), he was carrying on with varying success a political military, and theological struggle for the defense or wider establishment of a holy agricul- tural state, whose laws and principles encouraged pastoral labor, tillage, and thrift, as against the freebooting tenden- cies of Turanian and Vedic aggressors. In the course of his career he composed religious-political hymns, the Gathas, of which we have now only fragments sur- viving in meters which appear (or re- appear) in the Rik and in other parts of the Veda. The period in which he lived is even more uncertain than that of Homer, but cannot be placed later than
