ZUQ 505 ZUMPT stands on the N. shore of the lake, is 12 miles N. E. of Lucerne, with which and with Zurich it is connected by railway. ZUG, LAKE OF, or ZUGEBSEE, a small body of water lying chiefly in the canton of Zug, Switzerland, 9 miles long N. to S., and in breadth from 3 miles to 1 mile. The shores are low in all direc- tions except the S. and S. E. In the for- mer direction the Rigi with Mount Pil- atus towering behind it, and in the latter the Rossberg, rise in lofty precipices, presenting scenery of a grand descrip- tion. At the foot of the Rossberg the lake is 1,200 feet deep. The fishing, principally pike and carp, is productive. ZUIDEE ZEE, a large gulf of the North Sea, penetrating deep into the Netherlands; about 60 miles in length, and 210 miles in circumference. The is- lands Texel, Vlieland, Ter Schelling, Ameland, and Schiermonnikoog, reach- ing in a chain from the most N. point of Holland, are the remains of the former line of coast, and form a breakwater against the North Sea. Prom Dunkirk in French Flanders to the N. of Holland the interior is defended from the sea by sandhills or dunes. Here, as at the mouth of the Scheldt, the sand barrier was broken, and in 1282 the waters over- flowing the low lands separated the pro- vince of Friesland from the peninsula of North Holland, and, having united with the small inner lake Flevo, formed the present Zuider Zee. In it lie the islands Wieringen, Urk, Schokland, and Marken. From the S. W. of the Zuider Zee a long narrow arm, called the Y (pronounced /), formerly ran nearly due W. through the peninsula of Holland. A strong sea dyke and locks have been constructed to cut off the Zuider Zee from the Y, through which there is a broad ship ca- nal between Amsterdam and the North Sea. On both sides of the canal the Y has been drained and turned into about 12,000 acres of rich land. The waterway was formally opened by the king in 1876. ZULTJLAND. See Natal. ZULUS, or AMAZULUS, that branch of the great Bantu division of the human family found in Natal, South Africa. Among the Bantu tribes, the Zulus are conspicuous for their physical and intel- lectual development. ZUMALA-CARREGUY, TOMAS, a Spanish military officer, the greatest of the generals of Don Carlos during the civil war of 1833-1840; born in Ormaiz- tegua in the Biscayan province of Gui- puzcoa in 1789. He left his studies at Pampeluna to fight under iviina against Napoleon, and afterward served under Quesada in the "Army of the Faith"; and on the reSstablishment of absolu- tism he was promoted colonel and ap- pointed governor of Ferrol. For his leaning to the party of the Carlists he was tried by court-martial but acquitted, in 1832 with other Carlists he was dis- missed from the army. But in 1838 the rising of the Basque population called him to head the Carlist insurrection. His motley army was without uniform, ill fed, and ill paid, yet the vigor and per- sonality of "el Tio Tomas" (Uncle Thomas) were such that he was able to maintain effective discipline. He kept his opponents at bay, defeated Rodil in the valley of Amescoas, routed another force of Christines at Viana, gained a second victory in the Amescoas valley, completely defeating Valdez, after a battle of four days, and rounted Iriate near Guernica. These brilliant successes turned the weak head of Don Carlos, and led him to interfere with the plans of his daring and devoted general, who was anxious to strike for Madrid when the Christines v/ere paralyzed with terror. Zumala-Carreguy was ordered to lay siege to Bilbao, but was mortally wound- ed by a musket ball, and died 10 days later, June 15, 1835. ZUMPT, AUGUST (tsompt), a Ger- man classical philologist, nephew of Karl; born in Konigsberg, Germany, Dec. 4, 1815. His studies had to do mainly with Roman epigraphy in its re- lation to history. His principal works are: "The Ancyran Monument" (1845); "Epigraphical Notes" (2 vols. 1850- 1854) ; "Roman Studies" (1859) ; "Crim- inal Law under the Roman Republic" (4 vols. 1865-1869) ; "The Birth-Year of Christ" (1869) ; "Criminal Trials under the Roman Republic." He died in Ber- lin, April 22, 1877. ZUMPT, EABL, a German classical philologist; born in Berlin, Germany, March 20, 1792. He was appointed Pro- fessor of Roman Literature in the Uni- versity of Berlin in 1836. His greatest work, the "Latin Grammar" (1818; 13th ed. 1874), was translated into English, and is the basis of several of the Latin grammars since compiled for the use of schools. He also prepared annotated editions of several of the Latin classics; and wrote: "Annals of Ancient King- doms, Nations, etc." (1819), in Latin; "The Roman Knights and the equestrian Order" (1840) ; "On the Duration of the Philosophic Schools at Athens, and the Succession of the Scholarchs" (1843); "On the Law and the Proofs of Extor- tion" (Repetundarum; 1845); "The Per- sonal Liberty of the Roman Citizen, and
