TURTLE DOVE 49 TUSCI long, with a weight of from 700 to 800 pounds. The popular name has no ref- erence to the color of the carapace, which is dark olive, passing into dingy white, but to the green fat highly prized by epicures. The edible turtle of the East Indies (C. virgata) is also highly prized; but, according to Tennent, at certain seasons they "are avoided as poisonous, and some lamentable in- stances are recorded of death which was ascribed to their use." The hawk's-bill turtle (C imbricata) , which yields tor- toiseshell. is also prized; but the flesh of the loggerhead turtle and of the leather- back is of little value. In printing, the segment plate in which a form is locked up in a type-revolving machine. The column-rules are wider at the top than at the bottom, to hold the type firmly, and are secured by screws. The edge of the side stick has a series of beveled projections, and is pressed against the form by a piece having simi- larly beveled projections and worked by a screw. TURTLE DOVE. in ornithology, Tnrttir communis, widely distributed in the warmer parts of Europe. It is a beautiful bird, of somewhat slender form, a summer visitant to the cooler latitudes, arriving in May and depart- ing in September. The male is about a foot long, with the head light bluish gray, the back grayish-brown, the scap- ulars and small wing coverts black, with broad rust-red margins, the breast pale grayish-purple, the neck with two large black spots barred with white. The female is rather smaller, with similar plumage, but of duller tints. They feed on grain and vegetables, often frequent- ing fields of beans and peas. They make a slight flat nest of a few twigs, in which two glossy, creamy-white eggs are de- posited about the middle of May, and the parent birds take turns at incubation, sometimes rearing two broods in a season. The note is a soft, mournful "coo," often uttered when the bird is on the ground. From its habit of pairing for life, and its fidelity to its mate, the turtle dove has long been a symbol of conjugal affection. In Scripture, probably either T. com- munis or risorius. The latter bird is about 10 inches in length; tail short; general color gray, tinted with red, upper parts greenish brown, with a black collar on the back of the neck. TUSCALOOSA, a city and county-seat of Tuscaloosa co., Ala.; on the Black Warrior river, and on the Alabama Great Southern, the Louisville and Nashville, and the Mobile and Ohio railroads, 50 miles S. W. of Birmingham. It contains a court house, a lunatic asylum, the Ala- bama Central Female College (Bapt.), the University of Alabama, the Tusca- loosa Female College (M. E.), the Still- man Institute for Colored Students (Pres.), several libraries, National banks and a number of daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. It has large cotton and coal interests. Pop. (1910) 8,407; (1920) 11,996. TUSCANY, formerly a grand-duchy, now a department of Italy; area, 9,304 square miles; pop., about 2,800,000. The chain of the northern Apennines forms a considerable portion of its N. boundary, the sea being its boundary on the W. The principal river is the Arno. Cereals cover a large area, and vineyards, olive yards, and orchards are numerous. The manufacture of silk is considerable. The marble of Tuscany, especially that of Siena, is well known. Tuscany corre- sponds to the ancient Etruria, which was, however, of wider extent. After the fall of the Western Empire (476) it passed successively into the hands of the Ostro- goths, Byzantine Greeks, and Lombards. Charlemagne made it a Frankish prov- ince, and it was governed by marquises or dukes till the 12th and 13th centuries, when it became broken up into a number of small republics, four of which were Florence, Pisa, Siena, and Lucca. From the first Florence occupied the leading place, and it gradually extended its ter- ritory. In 1569 Pope Pius I. granted to Cosmo I. the title of Grand-Duke of Tus- cany, and this positioH was retained, with interruptions, by the Medici family till 1737, when it passed to Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine. In 1859, under his descendant, the Grand-Duke Leopold, it was annexed to Sardinia by a popular vote, and in 1860 became, with Sardinia, part of the kingdom of Italy. TUSCARAWAS RIVER, a river of northeastern Ohio, which with the Mohi- can river forms the Muskingum. It is about 125 miles long. The chief tovsm on this river is Massillon. TUSCARORA, a tribe of North Ameri- can Indians, who at an early day lived on the Neuse river in North Carolina. They had much trouble with the colonists and were nearly destroyed as a tribe. The remnant united with the Iroquois and settled in the Oneida territory in New York. They number about 380, and live on the Indian reservation in New York State. TUSCI, the name given by the Romans to the ancient inhabitants of Etruria or Tuscany, and the people existing when Rome was founded., and till Etruria be- -"^•■^e a portion of the Roman empire.
