to the exclusion of the negro. The white immigrants, too, from the North to the South, have little use for the negro after a few years, and more and more the negro will have to fight and struggle for a living like every other race ; and it remains to be seen how he can run side by side with his more progressive and assertive white neighbor, as the white race outnumbers him more and more, and becomes more aggressive.
Mr. Henry Garnett, in the summary of negro statistics in the Census Bureau for 1890, gives the following results: "The negroes, while increasing rapidly in this country, are diminishing in number relative to the whites. They are moving southward from the border States into those of the South Atlantic and the Gulf. They prefer rural life rather than urban life. The proportion of criminals among the negroes is much greater than among the whites, and that of the paupers is at least as great. In the matter of education, the number of negro attendants at school is far behind the number of whites, but is gaining rapidly on that race." These statistics show that in one hundred years the whites have multiplied eighteen times and the negroes nearly ten times. In 1790, the whites were 80.73 P er cent of the population, the negroes 19.27 per cent. In 1890 the negroes constituted only 12½ per cent of the population.
In the criminal statistics, the proportion of negroes in jails was nearly four times as great as that of native white extraction, and the commitment of negroes for petty offenses is in much greater proportion than among the white race. The negroes also marry earlier and their lives are shorter than in the white race.
The Rev. L. W. W. Manaway, missionary of the African Methodist church in Mississippi, who has carefully collated statistics as to his race, says:
A great many of my race say that the white people send them to prison. I differ from them. ... I found that out of 78 convictions of colored people, the testi-
