Article 88: The State guarantees the equality and equitable treatment of men and women in the exercise of the right to work. The state recognizes work at home as an economic activity that creates added value and produces social welfare and wealth. Housewives are entitled to Social Security in accordance with law.
Article 89: Work is a social fact and shall enjoy the protection of
the State. The law shall make the necessary provisions for improving
the material, moral and intellectual conditions of workers. In order to
fulfill this duty of the State, the following principles are established:
- (1) No law shall establish provisions that affect the intactness and progressive nature of labor rights and benefits. In labor relations, reality shall prevail over forms or appearances.
- (2) Labor rights are not renounceable; any action, agreement or convention involving a waiver of or encroachment upon these rights is null and void. Concessions and settlements are possible only at the end of the employment relationship, in accordance with the requirements established by law.
- (3) When there are doubts concerning application or conflicts among several rules, or in the interpretation of a particular rule, that most favorable to the worker shall be applied. The rule applied must be applied in its entirety.
- (4) Any measure or act on the part of an employer in violation of this Constitution is null and void, and of no effect.
- (5) All types of discrimination because of political reasons, age, race, creed, sex or any other characteristic is prohibited.
- (6) Work by adolescents at tasks that may affect their overall development is prohibited. The State shall protect them against any economic and social exploitation.
Article 90: Working hours shall not exceed eight hours per day or
44 hours per week. Where permitted by law, night work shall not
exceed seven hours per day or 35 hours per week. No employer shall
have the right to require employees to work overtime. An effort shall
be made to reduce working hours progressively in the interest of soci-
