Article 107: Environmental education is obligatory in the various levels and modes of the education system, as well as in informal civil education. Spanish, Venezuelan geography and history and the principles of the Bolivarian thought shall be compulsory courses at public and private institutions up to the diversified cycle level.
Article 108: The communications media, public and private, shall
contribute to civil education. The State guarantees public radio and
television services and library and computer networks, with a view to
permitting universal access to information. Education centers are to
incorporate knowledge and application of new technologies and the
resulting innovations, in accordance with such requirements as may
be established by law to this end.
Article 109: The State shall recognize the autonomy of universities as a principle and status that allows teachers, students and graduates from its community, to devote themselves to the search for
knowledge through research in the fields of science, humanistic and
technology, for the spiritual and material benefit of the Nation.
Autonomous universities shall adopt their own rules for their governance and operation and the efficient management of their property,
under such control and vigilance as may be established by law to this
end. Autonomy of universities is established in the planning, organization, preparation and updating of research, teaching and extension
programs. The inviolability of the university campus is established.
Experimental national universities shall attain their autonomy in
accordance with law.
Article 110: The State recognizes as being in the public interest
science, technology, knowledge, innovation and the resulting applications, and the necessary information services, the same being fundamental instruments for the country's economic, social and political
development, as well as for national sovereignty and security. To promote and develop these activities, the State shall allocate sufficient
resources and shall create a national science and technology system in
