Article 16. Voluntary abstention from the commission of a crime.
A person who has voluntarily abstained from the consummation of a crime is criminally liable only if the act he has in fact committed contains the elements of another crime.
Article 17. Complicity.
The premeditated, joint participation of two or more persons in the commission of a crime constitutes complicity.
The accomplices in a crime include, in addition to the principals, organizers, instigators; and accessories.
The principal is the person who has directly committed the crime.
An organizer is a person who has organized the commission of a crime or directed its commission.
An instigator is a person who has abetted the commission of a crime.
An accessory is a person who has contributed to the commission of a crime by means of advice or instructions, by making means available or eliminating obstacles, or a person who has promised in advance to conceal the criminal, the weapon, and the means of committing the crime, the evidence of the crime, or objects acquired by criminal means.
The degree and character of participation in the commission of the crime on the part of each of the accomplices shall be taken into account by the court in assigning punishment.
Article 18. Concealment.
The concealment, when not previously promised, of a criminal, or of the weapons and means of committing a crime, evidence of the crime, or objects acquired by criminal means, entails liability only in those cases specially stipulated by the Special Part of the present Code.
Article 19. Misprision.
Misprision of a crime reliably known to be in the stage of preparation, or to have been committed, entails criminal liability only in those cases specially stipulated by the Special Part of the present Code.
