L U T
L U Z
•greater dlftances ; and finally, when fhe is accuftomcd to it alone it is to be done in company, taking great care that nothi-ng fright her; and when ihc is perfect in it on foot, fhe is to be lured on horfeback. LUSCINIA, the nightingale. See Philomela. LUSHBURGHS, or LUXENBURGHS, in our old writers, a bafe fort of foreign coin, made of the Hkenefs of Englifh money, and brought into England in the time of Ed. 3. to deceive the king and his people : on account of which it was made treafon, for any one willingly to bring any fuch money into the realm, as knowing it to be falfe. Stat. 23 Ed. 3. 3 Inft. 1. Terms of Law. LUST, at fea. If a fhip heel either to ftar-board or port the feamen fay fhe hath a luft that way ; and they fay fo, though it be occafioned only by the mooting of her ballafr, or by the unequal flowing of things in her hold ; though it is more properly faid of a fhip, when fhe is inclined to heel any way upon the account of her mold or make. LUSTRE, an appellation given to a branched candleftic, when
made of glafs. See the articles Branch and Jesse. LUSTRATION (Cycl.)— The manner of the Macedonians purifying their army by luftraihn was this; at the time of their feftival Xanthica, they divided a bitch into two halves, one of which, together with the entrails, was placed upon the right hand, the other upon the left ; between thefe the army marched in this order : after the arms of the Mace- donian kings, came the firft. line of the army, confifting of horfe; thefe were followed by the king, and his children, after whom went the life guards ; then followed the reft of the army : this done, the army was divided into two parts, one of which being fet in array againft the other, there fol- lowed a fhort encounter, in imitation of a fight. Potter, Archaeol. Graec. I. 2. c. 20. T. 1. p. 417. LUSTRICUS dies, among the antients, the day on which young children underwent the ceremony of w/tration, and received their names. Some will have it to have been the ninth day after their birth in males, and the eighth in fe- males ; but others make it the fifth day after their birth, and fome the laft day of the week. The ceremony was per- formed among the Greeks after this manner : the midwives, having firft purified themfelves by warning their hands, ran round the fire-hearth with the infant in their arms, thereby, as it were, entering it into the family, and putting it under the protection of the houfhold gods, to whom the hearth ferved inftead of an altar ; hence it had the name of amphl- dromia. See Amphidromia, Cycl.
It was celebrated as a feftival with great exprefllons of joy ; and they received gifts from their friends on this occa lion. If the child was a male, their door was decked with an olive garland ; if a female, with wool, to fig- nify the work women were to be employed about. Potter, Archseol. Grac. 1. 4. c. 14. T. 2. p. 328. Hofm, Lex. in voc. LUSTRUM (Cycl.) — The cenfus was accompanied always by a lujlration of the people, fo the word, luflrum, has con- ftantly been taken by the antients and moderns for a term of five years : yet, if we enquire into the real ftate of the cafe, we fhall find no good ground for fixing fo precife a fignification to it ; but, on the contrary, that the cenfus and luftrum were, for the moft part, held irregularly and uncer- tainly, at very different and various intervals of time, as the particular exigencies of the ftate required. Middkt. of Rom. Sen. p. 107. LUTATION, in chemiftry, is ufed for the cementing of che- mical vefi'els clofe together. LUTEA, in natural hiftory, the name of a fpecies of fly found frequently near waters after rain ; it is of a dunifh yellow colour, the wings are long, and the eyes large and prominent ; the tail is thick, and has two hairs of a con- fiderable length, growing at the head, fo that it is of the bifetas kind. Lutea is alfo a name by which fome authors have called the emheriza fiava, or yellow hammer. See the article Yellow Hammer. LUTEOLA, dyers weed, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The flower is of the polypetalous anomolaus kind, confifting of feveral irre- gularly fized petals. The piftil arifes from the cup, and finally becomes a fruit, or feed veffel, of a fome what orbi- cular fhape, terminating in three points, and containing roundifh feeds.
The fpecies of luteola, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe. 1. The common or willow leaved luteola. 1. The little Portugal luteola with curled leaves. 3. The dwarf Pyrenean luteola with toad flax leaves. Toarn. Inft. p. 423. Luteola, in zoology, a name given by many to a fmall bird, called by others afelus, and by others regulus non crifiatis ; but this laft is a name that has occafioned fome confufion, as many have erroneoufly called our common wren the regulus, and as it has no crcft imagined it to be the bird meant by this name.
It is, excepting the crefted wren, the fmalteft of all European birds, and it very little exceeds that in fize. Its head, neck, and back, are of a greenifh brown s the rump is greener
than the reft. It has a yellow line on each fide, extended from the noftrils, beyond the eyes, to the hinder part of the head. The brcaft, throat, and belly, are yellow, with a very faint caft of green. The wings and tall are brown, and all their feathers are tipped with green at their ends : the under part of the wings has much of a very fine green. The beak is extremely flender, and half an inch long. The mouth yellow within. It makes a loud noife, like that of the grafshopper, and is principally found among willows : it is continually creeping, and finging among the branches of trees. It builds with ftraw and feathers, and lays five eggs, which are white, and fpotted with red. There is a confiderable variation in the colours of thefe birds ; fome of them being much greener on the back, and much whiter on the belly, than others. Ray's Ornitholog. p. 164.
LUTRA, in zoology, the name given by authors to the otter, called by the Greeks, from his loving the water, "f*gK> enbydr'ts. See Tab. 1. of Quadruped, N : 19. The otter is fmaller than the beaver, and has a longer and more flender body. Its tail is alfo longer than that of the beaver, and is all over covered with hair; and its legs are very fhort in proportion to the fize of its body. The feet have all five toes each, which are naturally expanded, and are connected by a membrane like the toes of web- footed fowl ; and are all fo equally diftant, that there is no diftinclion of any in the place of the great toe in other animals. The head and face exactly refemble the beaver, and the ears are fmall, and placed under the eyes, near the upper jaw, as in the beaver. The hair is fhort, and of a chefnut brown, but paler under the belly. The tail has fhorter hair than that of the body, but longer than that of the legs. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 187. In the Linnxan fyi\em of zoology, the lutra makes a diftinc~l genus of animals. The diftindlion of which, from thofe quadrupeds to which it moft approaches, is its feet being adapted to fwimming. He makes two fpecies of the lutra ; the common otter, which he calls Intra digliis equali- bus, and the lutra pollice digitis breviore. The firft, the otter with all its toes of equal length; the fecond, the otter with the great toe fhorter than the reft. Limiai, Syft. Nat. p. 36.
LUTTA, in botany, the name of a fpecies of momordica. See Momordica.
LUTUM, in botany, a name given by the antient Roman authors to a plant fince called luteola, or dyers weed, and by authors of later date carmola, and cymene. It is ufed at this time to dye things yellow, and was fo by the antient Greeks, who exprefsly mention the dying woollen cloaths with it. The Roman courtezans had alfo a way of dy- ing their hair yellow with it, and hence the old verfe,
Bus immunda luto, gaudet mereirlcula luto.
This laft lutum evidently means the yellow herb lutea, or luteola. Vitruvius calls it lutea herba, as does alfo Pliny; but Macer, and Paulus/Egineta, with feveral others, miftaking it to be the fame plant with the ifatis, or woad, call it giofda, or guefda. This is a common name of that plant, but can never belong to the lutea, unlefs blue and yellow can be proved to be the fame colour; the woad ifatis, or guefda, dying blue, not yellow. Neophytus is in the fame error, and fays that ifatis is the plant which the Romans called lutea. It is ftrange alfo how this error, of confounding two plants fo different in their nature and properties, has made its way to this time in the world. So far as the confufion of names will carry it, we call the ht- teola in England fometimes dyers weed, which is a very in- determinate name, and more ufually wold, or woad, the very names of the ifatis ; and the Burgundians call it guad> the very name by which they call zuoad; though both they, and we, perfectly well know that they are different plants, and dye different colours. There is this alfo yet to be obferved, that as we confound the herb luteola, and the gmifla tinSioria, together, under the name dyers weed; fo others have done it under the names of lutum, carmola, &c. and it is plain that thefe words, as alfo the cymene, and as- comene of the Greeks, fometimes exprefs the one, and fometimes the other of thofe plants. See Luteola.
LUXATION [Cycl)— Luxation of the ancle. See the article Ancle.
Luxation of the humerus. Heifter is of opinion, that the furgeon's hand and a napkin, with ftrong and dextrous af- fiftants to make the extenfion, and hold the patient firm, will of themfelves be generally fufficient for the bufinefs. He feems to have no great opinion of the ambe of Hippo- crates, nor of feveral other contrivances for this purpofe. Vid. Heifi. Surg. Vol. 1. p. 160, 163. See Ambe.
LUZZO marino, in ichthyology, a name given by the Italians to the fifh called by the antient Greek writers, and many of the modern Latin authors, fphyrtena ; and by Pliny, Varro, and fome other of the old Roman authors, fudis. Gaza has called it the malleolus, and the French, at this j time, call it fpet. It feems to belong to the genus of the
fcombrx.
