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Particular Bieliothecas are thofe which are confined to Tome fpectes or divifion of books and authors ; as fome fcierice, country, age, order, or the like. Such are the bibliotbecas re- trained to fciences, as ecclefiaftical and facred bibliotbecas. Of this kind we have ecclefiaftical and theological bibliotbecas ; bibliotbecas of chemifts by Borelli and others; of the French law by Bouchel j of the conception of the virgin by Peter d'AIva and d'Aftofga; of coins by Labbe; of manufcripts by Mpritfaueon Vid. Pb.Labtv 3 Biblioth. Nummaria, printed at the end of 'his Billistbeca Bibtiotbecarum. Rouen, 1678. Svo. It contains the writers on the antient Hebrew, Greek, and Roman coins, medals, weights, and meafures.
Bibliotheca of ecclefiaftical writers is a work treating of the authors who have written on matters eff religion. Such are the ecclefiaftical bibliotbecas of Miraeus, Sixtus Sien- nenfis, Du Pin, and Dom Cellier.
St. Jerorn was the firft who compofed a work exprefs on the writers of the Chriftian church, which was continued by Gen- radius, Ifiodore, and Ildefonfus, to their refpeetive times. Honorius bifhop of Autun made an abridgment of all four. Sigebert and Henry of Gant continued this work till the time of St. Bernard. Aub. de Mirasus continued it to his own time, and publifhed the whole under the title of Bibllotheca Ecclpfiajllca. M. Du Pin's biblloibeque of ecclefiaftical writers contains the hiftory of their lives, the catalogue, criticifm, and chronology of their works, afummary of what is contained in them, a judgment on their ftyle and doctrine, and a lift of the feveral editions of their writings. Du Pin, Nouvelle Biblio- theque des Autheurs Ecclefiaftiques, 3d edit. Paris, 1683. ^to. 20 torn.
To this kind alfo belong the bibliothcca facra's of Le Long, and of Mabillon, annexed to his treatife of monaftic ftudies. Le Long, Bibliotheca Sacra, five Syllabus omnium ferme Sacne Scriptures Editionum ac Verfionum, improved and augmented by Boernerus profeffor of Leipfic.
F. Calmet, at the end of the later editions of his dictionary, gives an account of writers on the fcriptures.
PhilofopbtcoA Bieliothecas. — Tlic firft philofophical bibliothcca is that compofed by Jo. Frifius, who not only took in the an- tient philofophers, but other antient writers, from the origin of learning to the fixteenth century, diftinguifhing them by the ieries of time when they lived, and rehearfing their feveral writings. "Jo. Jac. Frifii, Bibliothcca Philofophorum claflico- rumChronoIogica. Tigur. 1592. 4to. afterwards inferted in- to the Chronlcon Chronicorum Ecclcfiafticum of Jan. Gruter, Fran. 1614.. Svo.
He was followed by Ifrael Spachius, who, without any regard to the order of time, diverted his work by the fubjects. Drau- dius's bibliothcca clajjlca, among the writers on other fciences, enumerates thofe on philofophy. But his work being com- pofed chiefly from the catalogues of the Frankfort fairs, is not to be depended on.
Bolduanus's bibliothcca phihfopbic'a indicates the feveral writers according to their fubject-matters; but is only a bare catalogue of titles. Lipenius's bibliotheca rcalis philofophica is digefted under heads or topics, and has this advantage, that it contains the feveral writers on each point or matter. The misfortune is, that they are rehearfed without choice, and frequently the moft trivial books mixed with the reft. What is worfe, books are often produced under one head, which belong to another, the author having been deceived by the titles, as not looking into the books themfelves. The laft and moft exact is the bi- bliotheca philofophica of Struvius, wherein the feveral authors are diftributed under their refpeetive clafles. Burch. Gotth. Stru- vii, Biblioth. Philofophica in fuas Gaffes diftributa, feveral times publifhed, but laftly with confiderable additions by Jo.
G. Lotterus, Jen. 1728. Svo.
Real Bibliotheca, that which is digefted according to the or- der of things, or fubjects of books ; or it is an account of books digefted or reduced under certain clafles, according to their fubjecr.- matters. Such are the bibliotbecas of Lipenius, Draudius, Boteluanus, and Struvius. Such likewife are the bi- bliotheca academiea, (latijlica^ camnica ot' Thurmannus ; the bibliotheca juris i?nperantiu}?i of an anonymous author ; the bibliotheca numifmatica of Banduri and Struvius. Such alfo are the theological bibliotbecas of Molanus ; the ecclefiaftical biblio- tbecas of Scultingius : the bibliothecarius quadripartitus of Hot- tinger ; the hiftorical bibliotbecas of Le Long and Nicolfon ; the bibliotheca Jludioji tbeohgia of Gifb. Voetius ; the bibliotheca theologica contra£ta of Meier -, the bibliothcca portatilis theohgica ofEndterus.
Bibliotheca is alfo ufed for a book rehearfing the writers of fome particular language, place, order, or the like. Such are Mart. Kempius's bibliotheca Anglorum theologica ; Ga- zettus's bibliotheca thcologorum, alionimque fcriptorutn, Belgii, in French ; Draudius's bibliothcca Germanorum, &c. We have alfo bibliotbecas of benedictine writers by Trithemius; of ciftertians by de Vifch ; of canons regular by Gabriel Pen- not ; of auguftins by Herrera and Elfius ; of prasmonftraten- fes by Le Page ; of dominicans by Leander Alberti, Antony de Sienna, and Ambrofe d'Alta Mura ; of the francifcans by Luc. Wading, an Irifh cordelier j of jefuits by Alegambe, Ri- badeneira, Sotuel, and Labbe. Vid. Trev, Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1024,
iV^W?/ Bibliotheca s are thofe reciting the writers and books of a certain place, people, or language. Fabric. Bibl. Gnec- 1. 6. c. 10. T. 13. p. 631.
Such are the Attic bibliotbecas of Meurfius ; the Greek and Latin bibliotbecas of Fabricius ; the Spanifh bibliotbecas of Nic. Antonio and Scottus ; the bibliothcca of Germany by Hertzius; the bibliothecas of France by La Croix du Maine, Manceau, and Du Verdier; and that of Naples by Nic. Toppi, commented on by Leon. Nicodemus. Diet. Trev. loc. cit.
The Latin and Greek bibliotbecas of Fabricius are ufefuj and excellent works in their kind, containing notitias of all the antient writers, non-ecclefiaftical, in the order of ao-es when they lived, with an account of their writings, the feveral edi- tions and tranilations of each ; frequently their characters, fub- ject matters, and the like. Jo. Alb. Fabrlci Bieliotheca Latina^ five Notitia Auctorum Veterum Latinorum, quorum- cumque fcripta ad nos pervenerunt, firft printed at Hamb. 1668, 8vo. but four or five times reprinted, with improve- ments, and fucceeded, at different times, by two volumes of fupplcments ; all which have been lince incorporated in an edition at Venice, 1728, 2 vols. Ato. Ejufd. Bibliotheca Graea, feu Notitia Scriptorum Veterum Grascorum quorum- cumque Monumenta Integra aut Fragmenta edita extant, turn plerorumque MSS ac deperditis. Ed. 2. 1708. In it we have an account of all the writers from Homer, to the taking of Conftantinople'by the Turks.
The fame author has publifhed a Latin bibliotheca of the middle and barbarous age, on the fame plan with the former. Biblic~ theca Latina media: & infimae Latinitatis, Hamb. 1734— J 7 36. 4 vols. 8vo. It is to be fucceeded by feveral others, efpecially the hiftorians ; wherein he has endeavoured to £ur- nifh a fupplement to Voflius, in alphabetical order, of the au- thors names,
The French bibliothcca of Sorel is a book, wherein he pretends to form a library, compofed only of French books, which yet fhall be fufficient for attaining the encyclopaedia. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1024.
O/fwta/BiBLiOTi-iECAs are thofe which enumerate the authors and books in the Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic, Turkifh, Coptic, and Ethiopic languages. Such are thofe of Hottinger and d'Herbelot, divers Arabs, Turks, &c.
There are three kinds or methods of oriental bibliotbecas. The firft contains the lives of the writers, and a catalogue of their works : fuch are thofe of the Arabs. The fecond contains the names or titles of the books in alphabetical order : fuch is that ofBuxtorf. The third digefts or clafles the books according to their fubjects ; fuch is that of Hottinger. Hottinger^ Bibl. Orient, c. 2. p. 59.
The oriental bibliotbeqite of D'Herbelot not only contains the titles of Arabic, Perfian, and Turkifti books, but may ferve as a kind of hiftorical and geographical dictionary for thofe coun- tries. Vid. Struv . Bibl. Philof. c. 3. p. 84. Stoll. Introd. ad Flift. Liter. P. 2. c. 1. §. 15. p. 427.
Rabbinical Bibliotheca is a book containing a lift of all the rabbin authors, with their writings, the editions of them, the times when the authors lived, &c. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1024.
Several authors have attempted books of this kind, as Manafla Ben Ifrael, R. Bapt. Jonas, a converted Jew ; but both left them unfinifhed at their deaths. R. Schabtai Ben Jofeph has publifhed one, intituled fipbte jcfcbenlm, or the lips of the fleepers, labia dwmientium. We have another by Jul. Conr. Ottho, a converted Jew, under the tide of gait razia, or ex- plication of hidden things.
Among the Chriftians, Gefner, Sixtus Siennenfis, Molderus, Theodore, Ehert, Ponevin, Bcfodneus, De la Paufe, Hottin- ger, Csleft. du Montmarfan, Heiddegger, and M. Simon, have given the like notitias of rabbinical books. Plantaritz, at the end of liis florilegium rabbinicum, and the Buxtorfs, father and fon, in their bibliothcca rabbl?iua y have done the fame more profeffedly. But the moft ample and beft deferving the title of a bibliothcca rabbinica, is that of Bartolocci an Italian, abbot of the order of St. Bernard, continued by Imbonati, printed at Rome, in five volumes in folio, under the title of biblio- theca magna rabbinica. Trev. Diet. Univ. loc. cit. It does not proceed according to the order of the titles of the books, like the former, but by that of the authors names, in the order of the Hebrew alphabet. The author dying, the work was finifhed by Jof. Imbonati, a monk of the fame order> who added a mantifia of authors, omitted by Bartolocci ; as alfo in 1694, a fifth volume, intituled, bibliothcca Latina-Hebraica 9 containing a lift of all the writers in Latin againft the Jews, their religion, antiquity, hiftory, &c. Wolf. Bibl, Heb* p. 6.
The Hebrew bibliotheca of Wolfius contains a notitia both of the Hebrew writers of all ages, and of their books, whether written originally in Hebrew, or tranflated by them into that language, continued to the prefent times ; being the fubftance of Bartolocci's great work, without the long differtations and digreflions, wherewith that is crouded; but fupplied with a multitude of ufeful additions from other writers. J. Chr. WoU fii, Bibliotheca Hebr«ea 5 Lipf. & Ha'mb. 4 Tomes, 1715-
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