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be repaid. Salmaf. de Mod. Ufur. c. 14. Pitifc, Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 713. voc. Emptor.
EMPUSA, E/xTrao-oc, among the antients, a kind of hobgoblin, or bugbear, under the direction of Hecate, who ufed to fend it to frighten people who laboured under misfortunes. Hofm, Lex. in voc.
ENAMEL (Cycl.) — The workers in Enamel muft be very cau- tious of the good or bad qualities of the oil of fpike they em- ploy to mix their colours with. It is a thing very fubje£t. to adulterations. Sometimes with fpirit of wine; fometimes with oil of turpentine. In the firft cafe it wants body, as there is ufually too much fpirit added ; and, in the latter, the fmoak of the turpentine, when heated, fpoils the colours. A finall mixture of fpirit of wine does well ; and the beft method, for the nice artificer, is to refine the oil, and afterwards add to it fuch a quantity of fpirit as is found beft. The common matter, which is the bafis of all Enamels, is thus made : Take fine lead, thirty pound; fine tin, thirty- three pound ; calcine thefe together in a kiln, then fift them ; boil this powder in water, in clean earthen veflTels, and pour oft the water, which will carry with it the finer part of the calx ; put frefh water on the remainder, boil it again, and pour off in the fame manner ; do this fo long as the water will carry off any part of the calx. Recalcine the remaining mat- ter, and walh off its finer part in the fame manner again, then evaporate all the waters, which have warned off the finer calx, and keep the fire low, towards the end of the operation, that the calx may not be wafted, this will be found, at the bottom, of an extream finenefs.
Take of cryftal frit, made with tarfo, and of this fine calx, each fifty pound, white fait of tartar, eight ounces ; powder and fift thefe, and mix them well. Put this mixture into a new earthen pot, give it a fire for ten hours, then powder it, and keep it in a dry covered place. Neri's Art of Glafs, p. 147.
This is the common plain Enamel, or matter, of which all the other Enamels are to be made. In the making thefe, the following general cautions are necefiary to be obferved. 1, That the pots muft be glazed with white glafs, and muft be fuch as will bear the fire. 2. That the matter of Enamels muft be very nicely mixed with the colours. 3. When the Enamel is good, and the colour well incorporated, it muft be taken from the fire with a pair of tongs. 4. The general way of making the coloured Enamels is this. Powder, fift, and grind all the colours very nicely, and firft mix them well with one another, then with the common matter of Enamels ; then fet them in pots in a furnace, and when they are well mixed and incorporated, caft them into water, and, when dry, fet them in the furnace again to melt, and, when melted, take a proof of it. If too deep coloured, add more of the common matter of Enamels, and, if too pale, add more of the colour.
Azure Enamel. To make this, take of the common matter of Enamels, four pound ; zaffer prepared, two ounces ; brafs thrice calcined, forty-eight grains. Mix all thefe well toge- ther, and melt them in the furnace in the ufual way. Neri's Art of Glafs, p. 150.
Black Enamel. To make the black Enamel, take of the common matter of Enamels, four pound ; tartar, four ounces ; mangenefe, two ounces. Grind and mix thefe powders well with the matter of the Enamel, then fet them in a furnace in a large pot ; when melted and refined, caft them into water, and, putting them again into the furnace. let them refine. Wert's Art of Glafs, p. 153.
Green Enamel. To make this, take of the common matter of Enamels, four pound ; melt it, and caft it into water., return it again to the furnace, and, when purified, add of brafs, thrice calcined, two ounces ; crocus martis, made with vinegar, forty-eight grains. Mix thefe firft in fine pow- der, and put this in at three feveral times ; when all is well incorporated, take it from the fire. Neri's Art of Glafs, P. 157- ^
IffilA-wbtte ENAMEL. To make this ufeful colour in Enamels, requires no more than this ; take the common matter of Enamels, fix pound ; manganefe prepared, forty-eight grains; melt them in the furnace, caft the whole into water, and af- terwards return it again into the furnace, and, when refined, ufe it. Neri's Art of Glafs, p. 140.
Purple Enamel. To make this, take of the common matter of Enamels, fix pound ; of manganefe, three ounces ; brafs, thrice calcined, fix ounces; mix all well together, and fet them in a furnance, let them refine, then caft them into wa- ter, return the matter to the furnace again, and, when tho- roughly melted, take it out for ufe. Neri's Art of Glafs,
E; X .S3\
f his mixture, with a fmaller proportion of brafs, makes the
- ed Enamel.
Violet-coloured Enamel. The method of making the violet- 4 coloured Enamel is this : Take of the common matter of
Enamels, fix pounds ; of manganefe prepared, three ounces ;
of thrice calcined brafs, forty-eight grains ; mix the two
powders well together, then mix the whole, put them into Suppl. Vol. I.
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the furnace, and, when refined, caft them into water, rehire the matter again to the furnace, and, when refined, take it out. Neri's Art of Glafs, p. 157.
Tcllow Enamel. To make this, take of the common matter of Enamels, fix pound ; of tartar, three ounces ; of manga- nefe, feventy two grains ; mix all well together, and put them into the furnace in a large pot, when refined, caft them into water, then return them to the furnace again, and, wheri melted, take it out for ufe. Neri's Art of Glafs, p. 155.
ENARGIA, imfinix, in rhetoric, a figure, which, paffins from the narrative ftile, points out, and, as it were, fets the fubject before the eyes of the audience. VolT. Rhet. 1 i p. 361. * ' ■>'
ENCANTHIS (Cyr/.)-This tubercle grows out either of the caruncula lacrymalis, or from the adjacent red ikin, and is fometimes fo large, as not only to obftruft the punfla lacry- malia, but alfo part of the fight, or pupilla of the eye itfelf. In this diforder the tears continually run down the cheek" which not only greatly deforms the eye and face, but often gives rife to an ophthalmy.
The Encantbis is of two kinds, the one mild, and without hardnefs or pain, and the other malignant, livid, and painful 5 this laft tends, in fome degree, to a cancerous nature. In the beginning of the mild Encantbis, it is beft to fearify, and apply a mild cauftic, as burnt allum, or vitriol, mixed with fugar. This powder may be fprinkled into the tumour, and carefully walhed out of the eye afterwards with warm milk or water ; but, if this is not fumcient, it may be care- fully touched with the common cauftic ; and, to give a turn to the humour, internal medicines, as purges, and the like, muft be given, and iftues, or fetons, muft be made. Heifler's Surgery, p. 373.
If thefe methods take no effect, and the tubercle is of a ma- lignant kind, it is to be drawn out either with a hook, or a pair of plyers, or, if very large, by a threaded needle palled through it, taking hold of both ends of the thread, and gently raifing it till it can be cut off; but, in this, great care is to be taken not to wound the lacrymal caruncle. If the tubercle appear livid and cancerous, it is by all means to be let alone, the irritating fuch with medicines always is of very bad confe- quence.
ENCARDION, in botany, a name given by the Greeks to what the Latins properly call the mediata in trees, the heart of the wood, or central hard part of it.
ENCATHISMA, in the medical writings of the antients, a term ufed to exprefs a fort of bath, in which the patient was only to be plunged up to the belly.
ENCAUMA, in furgery, a name given, by feveral writers, to the puftule, or excoriation, owing to a burn. The fame word is ufed alfo by fome as the name of a peculiar kind of ulcer of the eye. Aetius fays, that the fuperficial exulcera- tions of the eyes, which are owing to deflufiions of humours, are called, by the authors who wrote in early times, by three names, according to their differences. 1. A Caligo. This is a fuperficial ulcer, of a bluifh colour, formed in the black of the eye, and covering moft of it ; when the pupil itfelf is affected by this, the fight is ufually much impaired. 2. The Nubecula. This was a fmaller, deeper, and whiter ulcer, formed alfo in the black of the eye. 3. The Epicauma. This was a roughnefs of the whole black of the eye, in which it appeared parched, or burnt, and was of a greyifll colour over the entire furface. 4. The laft of thefe diforders was the Encauma. By this name they expreffed an ulcer, which produced an impure and fordid cruft, either in the black or white of the eye, and ufually was produced by a fever. And the corrofion of the matter of this fort of ulcer was fo iharp, that the coats of the eye were not unfrequently eaten through, and the humours fell out. Aetius, Tetrabibl. 2. c. 3.
Encauma, in the old writers on medicine, is alfo ufed to ex- prefs the fcori;e of filver.
ENCAUSTUM Sacrum, a name given, by many authors, to that fine red colour, ufed for illuminating the capital letters in fome old manufcripts. The Latin writers have got a way of calling all thofe liquid paints, which may be ufed by means of a pen, by the general name of atramenta, and we call them inks. Thus the tin&ure of logwood, or Brazil-wood, is called red ink ; the tincture of fuftic, brown ink ; and the folution of gamboge, yellow ink. The Greeks exprefTed ink by the word Melan, which fignifies only black, and the atra- mentum of the Latins is as plainly derived from atrum, fig- nifying alfo black. The Greeks kept ftrictly to this fenfe of the word, and acknowledged only two kinds of ink, the gra- phicon, and the burfodepficum ; the firft ufed in writing, and the other in dreffing of leather. Some fuppofe that they men- tioned a third kind, under the name of melan indicon, which many have been idle enough to imagine the fame that we call by the name of Indian ink ; but they have ufed the word melan not as a fubftantive, or the name of ink, but as an ad- jective, exprefling deep blue, as Theophraftus ufes it, fpeak- ing of the deep blue of the fine fapphire, and others of the violet. This red colour, ufed in the illuminations, was never called ink by the Greeks. Procopius calls it baphe, fome to G have
