G R I
G R O
hill, though four or five miles off"; and, if there be any mine there, they generally meet with fhoad ftones, as tokens of it in the way. Phil. Tranf. N' 1 69. GREY {Cyd.) — Grey, in zoology, an Englifli name for a truttaceous fifh, caught in many of the rivers of England. It is a very large fifh, often growing to the full fize of the larger falmon, but differing from that fpecies, in the body being broader, and all over covered with immenfe numbers of grey fpots ; from thefe fpots it has its name. Its tail is not forked, and its flefh is much finer tafted than the falmon, and in the places where both are to be had, the grey fells at the larger price. It comes up into the frefii waters in the month of Auguft, and is a very fcarce fifli. IVillugbby's, Hift. Pifc. p. 193. Grey -hound {Cyd.) — Among a litter of greyhound puppies, the beft are always thofe which are lighteft. Thefe will make the lighteft and nimbleft dogs as they grow up. The greyhound is the beft ufed in open countries where there is little covert ; in thefe places there will fometimes be a courfe after a hare of two miles or more, and both the dogs and the game in fight all the while. It is generally fuppofed that the greyhound bitch will beat the dog in running; but this feems to be an error, for the dog is both longer made, and confiderably ftrouger than the bitch of the fame kind. In the breeding thefe dogs the bitch is principally to be re- garded ; for it is found, by experience, that the beft dog, with a bad bitch, will not get fo good puppies as an indif- ferent dog with a good bitch. The dog and bitch fhould be as nearly as can be of the fame age, and for the breeding of perfect and fine dogs, they ihould not be more than four years old ; an old bitch may be ufed with a young dog, but the puppies of a young bitch and an old dog will never be good for any thing.
The general food of a greyhound ought to be chippings or rafpings of bread, with foft bones and griftles, and thefe chippings ought always to be foaked in beef or mutton broth; and when it is nearly cool, fome milk fhould be added ; this given the dog morning and evening will keep him in good heart and fpirits ; he mull never have any hard bones given him, becaufe they harden his mouth and hurt his teeth. If the dog grow fick and weakly upon this diet, then take flieeps heads with the wool on, wafh them clean, and boil them in a fufficient quantity of water, to make a very rich and flrong broth, and add a large quantity of oat-meal to it ; when the meat is very tender, and the broth rich, it is good and fit for the dog ; and giving him fometimes the one, and fometimes the other, will very foon recover him. If one of thefe dogs is to run for a wager, or on any particular occafion, he may be dieted with the following bread. Take half a peck of good wheat, and the fame quantity of the fined and drieft oat-meal, grind thefe together, and let the meal be fifted very fine, then add as much liquorice and annifeeds, in powder, as will not give it too difagreeable a flavour, and knead the whole into dough with the whites of eggs. Tiiis fhould be baked in fmall loaves confiderably hard, and when the dog is to be fed with it, it is to be foaked in beef or other broth. He is to be led out to walk half an hour after fun rife every morning, and half an hour, before fun fet every evening, and at his coming in i'cd with this foaked bread.
The proper cxercife for a greyhound is the courfing him three times a week, and rewarding him with blood, which will animate him in the higheft degree, and encourage him to profecute his game. But the hare alfo fhould ever have fair play ; file fhould have the law, as it is called, that is, have leave to run about twelve fcore yards before the dog is fliped at her, that he may have fome diffi- culty in the courfe, and not pick up the game too eafily. If he kill the hare he muff never be fuffered to tear her, but fhc muff be taken from him, his mouth cleaned of the wool, and the liver and lights given him by way of encourage- ment. Then he is to be led home, and his feet arc to be wafhed with butter and beer, and about an hour after he is to be fed.
When the dog is to be taken out to courfe, he fhould have nothing in the morning but a toaft and butter, and then he is to be kennelled till taken out to the field. The kennel- ling thefe dogs is of great ufe, always giving them fpirit and nimblenefs when they are let loofe ; and the beft way of managing a fine greyhound is never to let him ftir out of the kennel, except at the times of feeding, walking, or courfing. GRIEF. The influence of this paffion on the body is very great, fo as often to deftroy all appetite, and defire of meat, either by infp'iring men with a difrelifh for life, or by a mechanical inftinft ; becaufe food taken at fuch a time makes but bad nouriihment, fitter to corrupt the blood than pro- long life : on which account it is afligned as a phyfical caufe for the fairing practifed among the heathens. [See Fasting.] The influence of this paffion extends itfelf even to beafts ; which when indifpofed, not only take no pains to provide thcmfelves food, but alfo refufe it when laid before them. Vid, Mem. Acad. Infcript. Tom. 5. p. 50. feq. This paffion has been found to leilen perfpiration and urine. See Perspiration. h
GRINDERS, molares denies. See Molares.
GRINETTA, in zoology, the name of a water fowl of the gallinula, or moor hen kind, having open feet, and no membranes annexed to them. It is fmaller than the moor hen, and the water rail. Its legs are of a dufky green- ifh colour, and its toes very long; its beak very fhort, com- prcfled lideways, and pointed at the end, and is covered at the origin with a deep yellow fubftance, looking like a plaifter put on it. Its neck and beak are variegated with anirregular mixture of a blackifh, greenifh, and whitifh, but none of the colours are clear or bright. It is common in Italy and Germany, as well as in England. Aldrovand has twice defcribed this bird, once under the name of gallinulct alia chkropus fulicts fnmlis^ and another time under that of gallinida f erica. Ray's Ornitholog. p*235- rf/drovand, Lib. 3. p. 34.0.
GRISLAGINE, in zoology, the name of a frefti water fifli of the gudgeon kind, common in rivers of Germany. It fomething approaches to the common roach in fhape. Its back is of a dufky blue, and its belly and fides, below the fide lines, are of a filvery whitenefs. The fide lines are yellow and dotted, and over this there is an interrupted blackifh line running in feveral oblong ftreaks from the gills to the tail. Wlilughby, Hift. Pifc. p. 263.
GRISLEA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The perianthium confifts of one leaf, and is of a tubulated bell-fafhioned fhape. It ftands ereft, and is divided into four fegments at the end. The flower confifts of four oval petals extremely fmall, fcarce in- deed exceeding in fize the fegments of the cup. The (la- mina are eight fubulated, ere6t, and extremely long filaments. The anthers are Ample and eretSh The germen of the piftil is oval. The ftyle is capillary, and of the length of the ftamina. The ftigma is fimple. The fruit and feeds are not known. It is an American tree, extremely well diftinguifhed from all others by the flower alone. Linnm Gen. PL p. 160.
GRISOLA, in zoology, the name of a bird of the lark kind defcribed by Aldrovandus, and fuppofed by Mr. Ray to be the fame with the Jpipoletta, or tordino of the Venetians. See the article Spipoletta.
GRITHBRECHE, in our old writers, the fame with breach of the peace. In this ienic we find it mentioned in leg. Hen. I. c. 36. In caufis regiis grithbreche 100 Sol. emendabit. Terms of Law.
It comes from the Saxon, grithbryce^ which fignifies the fame.
GRITHSTOLE, in our old writers, a place of fan£tuary. Blount. See Fridstole, Cyd.
GROMA, among the Romans, a way-wifer, or furveying in- ftrument ; whence thofe who ufed it were called grornatiel, and the place in the camp where it was kept, groma. Pitifc.
GROMETS, in a fhip, are fmall rings fattened to the upper fide of the yard of a fhip by ftaples, to tie unto it, or to fallen the lafkets.
GROMPHENA, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors, particularly by Pliny, for the common garden marygold. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.
GROMWELL, in botany. See Lithospermum.
GRONDEUR, a name given bv the French in America to a fifh which is commonly eaten there ; the jaws of which have been brought into Europe, and being examined by Mr. Juffieu, were found befet in a remarkable manner with teeth, which perfectly refembled the bufonitse called cra- pandines, and by fome, ferpents eyes ; and which, in their foffile ftate, had been for many ages accounted gems. The arrangement of thefe teeth is fuch, that the whole flat fur- faces of the upper and lower jaw are in a manner paved with them. They are of different fhape and fize in the different parts ; thofe placed toward the edges were of the fmall and flat kind, commonly found in Malta, and called fcrpent's eyes ; and the larger toad-ftones, as they are called, were placed more toward the middle ; the largeft of all be- ing placed in two ftrait rows, or lines, along the center of each jaw.
Each of thefe teeth is articulated by gomphofis in the jaw, and when taken out, they all have that natural cavity which is found in the hinder part of the foflile ones. The fockets of thefe teeth have much the appearance of thofe from whence teeth have been frequently changed, and probably the fifh fheds them often in the courfe of its life. Mem. Acad. Par. 1723. GRONNA, in our old writers, a deep pit, or bituminous place, where turfs are dug for burning. Hoved. 438. Mon. Angl. Tom. 1. p. 243. Blount. GROOVE, in mining, is the fhaft, or pafTage into the lead mines, by which they draw up their ore. They are fome- times funk in the vein, and fometimes out. Houghton's compl. Miner, in the Explan. of the Terms. GROOZDISHYS, in botany, a name given by the Ruffians to a fpecies of mufhroom refembling our pepper, or milky muffaroom, defcribed by Lifter, Ray, cifc. but larger. The groozdijhys is very broad and thick, and abounding with an acrid juice. The Ruffians prcferve them in pickle, and eat
them
