HOO
HOP
The fpecies of Caprifolium, enumerated by Mr, Tourneforr, ore thefe : i. The common German Honey/tickle, or not per- foliate Honeyfuckle. 1. The common perfoliate, or Italian Honeyfuckle. 3. The late flowering German Honeyfuckle, with a very red flower. 4. The early flowering perfoliate Italian Homyfuekle. 5. The perfoliate Honeyfuckle, with variegated and fmuous leaves. And 6. The finuated-leav'd, not perfoliate Honeyfuckle. Tonrn. Lift, p.- 608. The Virginian fcarlet Honeyfuckle, called the trumpet Honey- fuckle, is a very beautiful flowering kind, and in great efteem. It is propagated by laying down the tender branches in fpring, obferving, in dry weather, to refrefh them with water, and the fpving following they will be ready to tranfplant, when they are to be cut off from the old plants, and carefully re- moved without disturbing their roots. The beft time to re- move them is in March, juit before they (hoot out ; but af the feafon fhould prove dry, they muff, be watered, and have a little mulch laid at their roots, to prevent the earth about them from drying too faft. They mould be planted in a ftrong foil, and expofed to the fouth eaft fun ; but they muft have a wall or pale behind them to fupport the branches, otherwife they will trail upon the ground. It is a native of Virginia, bur will' thrive very well with us, bearing all the cold of our winters, but does not fucceed well near London, where the fmoak commonly deftroys it. Miller's Gardener's
ma.
The propagation of all the feveral forts of Honcyfuckles is by
■• laying down their branches in the fpring, which, if they are fupplied With water, will by the Michaelmas following have taken root fo well, as to be fit to remove. They fhould at this time be transplanted into nurfery beds for a year or two, the better to train them up, either for headed plants, or for Creepers, to plant againft trees, walls, &c. They may alfo be propagated by planting cuttings in Septem- ber, or in fpring ; but they fometimes fail this way, and al- ways require much care and trouble. Their fwectnefs, and long continuance in flower, make them of great value in fmall quarters. Among flowering fhmbs they are alfo very beautiful, when planted againft the ferns of old trees, where, if they are not too much fhaded, they will flourifh exceed- ingly.
The proper feafon for cutting them, to keep them in a regu- lar form, is about Michaelmas, foon after they have done flowering. This is to be done with a knife, obferving always to cut behind a leaf bud ; for how much foever the flioot is left longer, it will always die down to that part. They are moft of them very hardy. Miller, Gard. Jji&t,
HoNEY-^or/, Cerinthe, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe: The flower conftfts of one leaf only, tubular, and in the fhape of a bell, with its edge divided into feveral fegmen'ts ; the mouth, in feveral fpe- cies, being clofed or fhut, and in feveral others, open. From the cup of the flower there rifes a piftil, which is fixed into the back part of the flower, in the manner of a nail. This is fquare, and finally ripens into a fruit, confuting of two fliells, and divided into two cells, filled ufually with long fhaped feeds. Tourn. Inft. p. 79.
The fpecies of this plant are, 1. The large kind, with the changeable flower. 2. The large purplifh red-flower'd one. 3. The prickly-leav'd yellow-flower'd one. 4. The fmall yellow-flower'd One. 5. The fmall white-flower'd one. 6. The plain green-leav'd one. 7. The perennial alpine kind, with ftriated flowers. The fpecies of Cerinthe may be known in general by their bluifh green leaves, fpotted with white, at fuch times as they are not either in flower or feed. 'Tourn. Inft. p. 80.
HONOUR, (Cycl.) among the antients, was worshipped as a divinity, and had a temple erected to it ; which had no entry but through the temple of virtue. See Hift. Acad. Infcript. vol. 1. p. 144. feq.
HOOF (Cycl.) — Brittle Hoof, a name of an infirmity to which horfes are fubjedT:. It comes fometimes naturally, and fome- times artificially. When it comes naturally, it is generally hereditary, the fire or dam having had the fame complaint. When it comes on accidentally, it is fometimes owing to a di- ftemper falling down into the feet ; fometimes to the creature's being much founder'd.
The Hoof, in this diftemper, is fo friable and rotten, as it were, that it cracks and flakes off on every flight occafion. The cure is to be attempted in this manner : Take wax, turpentine, fuet, and hog's lard, of each four ounces; fallad oil a quarter of a pint by meafure, and of dog's greafe half a pound ; let the whole be melted together, and ftrained thro' a piece of canvas into a gallypot. The Hoof is to be thoroughly anointed with this every day, morning and evening, efpecially at the root; and if there are any large cracks, they muft be filled up at every drefling with a mixture of equal parts of cow-dung and hog's lard.
HOOK [Cyd,)~~ Hooks of a Ship, are all thofe forked tim- bers which are placed directly upon the keel, as well in her run, as in her rake.
Bcat-Hoom, in a {hip, a hook ufed to fend off the boat from bruiting.
Ctfn-HooKS, thofe which being made faft to the end of a rope* with 3. noofe (like that which brewers ufe to fling or carry
their barrels on) are made ufc of for flings. /W-Hooks, in a fhip, the fame with futtocks. Seethe article
FuTTOCKS.
Locf-HooKs, in a fhip, a tackle with two hooks; one to hitch into a cringle of the main or fore fail* in the bolt rope at the leetch of the fail by the clew ; and the other is to hitch into a ftrap, which is fpliced to the chefs-tree. Their ufe is to pufl down the fail, and fuccour the tackles in a large fail, and ftiff gale, that all the ftrefs may not bear upon the tack. It is alio ufed when the tack is to be feized more fecure ; and to take off or put on a bonnet or drabler. SW-Hooks, in a fhip, thofe Hooks like fickles fixed in the ends of the yard-arms, that if a fhip under fail come to board her, thofe fixers may cut her fhrowds, and fo fpoil her tack- ling. But as thofe Sheer-Hooks are fubject to break their own yards, and cut the ropes that come from the top fails, they are now very feldorn ufed. 7W//-Hooks. See the article Trill-//sc,5;. Drmight-HooKS. See the article Draught-^;. HOOP-//-7^/. See thearticle Detent-^/w/. HOOPER, in zoology, a name by which feveral have called
the cygnus ferns, or wild fwan. See the article Cygnus. HOP. See the article Hops.
HOrLITES Lapis, in natural hiftory, a name given, by fome of the writers among the antients, to a ftone of a mining brafs-like appearance, looking like the fuiface of the polifhed brafs armour worn in thofe times. It is eafy to conclude, from this account, that the Hoplites was one of our mtindics. HOPLITODROMOS, in the antient gymnaft ic fports, a term applied to fuch perfons as went through thofe toilfome and rebuff, exercifes, in compleat armour ; by which the exercife became much more violent, and the wearing of armour, in the time of battle, much more eafy. HOPLOCHRISMA, a term ufed, by the antient writers in medicine, for the anointing a fword, or other weapon, with which a perfon had been wounded, in order to the curing of the wound. So early was the idle notion of curing by fym- pathetic remedies received in the world. Some late authors have alfo ufed the word in a very different fenfe, namely, for the anointing the points of darts or fwords with poifonous in- gredients, in order to render the leaft wound given with them fatal. A practice moft known, as it is faid, among the fa- vage inhabitants of America. HOPS, in botany. Seethe article Luptjtus.
There are four kinds of Hops. 1. The wild or garlic Hop. 2. The long fquare garlic Hop. 3. The long white ; and 4. The oval Hop. The firft of thefe is not worth cultivating. The fecond is a good Hop, but generally looking red toward the ftalk, it will not fetch fo good a price at the market. The long white Hop is the moft beautiful of all, and produces the greateft quantity. This kind, and the oval, will grow very well together. They all delight in a deep rich garden mould ; this may have fand among it, but fhould never have any clay. Moory black land is what they^are generally planted in, in EfTex, but any light land will do. The Hop fends its roots four or five yards perpendicularly deep ; and, for this reafon, they thrive beft of all in lands where there is a good bottom, below what is ufually ftirred or manured in agriculture. If the Hop land be wet, it muft be laid up in high ridges, and drained in winter, that the roots be not rotted or chilled. Mortimer's Hufbandry, p. 70.
New land is found to fucceed better with Hops than old, and on this principle they are very cautious in their plantations in Kent, and look forward for the after produce. When they make a new //^-ground, they plant it with apple-trees, at a large diftance afunder, and with cherry-trees between; by this means, when the Hops have grown ten years, which they judge to be as much as they will do well for, they place their account in the cherry trees which bear large crops. Thefe they gather for about thirty years, and then they Cut them up, and depend upon their apple trees only, which they find very large and ftrong by that time.
The dry ftalks of the Hops fhould be burnt on the ground' in ' winter, covering them with a little frefh earth as they burn. This makes together an excellent compoft to make the hills of. And if a piece of land can be obtained that lies low, and warm, expofed to the fouth, and defended by hills or trees, and where there is depth of ground, and fufflcient water, there is no doubt of a i^-ground fucceeding well in it. The land muft be dug, or ploughed well, and laid very even, and then the places for the hills marked out by a line, and a ftick put in every place where one is to be. A thoufand hills may be made in an acre of ground, and fix or feven plants fet on every hill. The young plants are fold at about ninepence a hundred. From fix to nine foot diftance fhould be allowed** between hill and hill, and the ground in the hills fhould be better and richer than the common earth, and laid in a foot deep under the furface.
If the ground is too thick planted, it is beft to ufe fewer poles than the number of plants may feem to require; and if it is under planted, it will be proper to enlarge the hills, and make
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