I L E
1 M £
againft diftemperatures of the flomach, and as an alexiphar- rnic. See a farther account of it in Hill's Hift. Mat. Med. p. 506, feq.
IGNAVUS, in natural hiftory, a name given to the animal called in Englifh the Skatb t from his flow motion. Grew Muf. p. ir. See the article Sloath.
IGNIARIUS Lapis, m natural hiftory, a name given by fome to the pyrites, or fire-ftone, from its yielding a great quan- tity of (parks when ftruck againft a fteel. Boet. de Boot, de Lap. See the article Pyrites.
IGNIS Aqua, Fire-water, a name by which Helmont in fome of his writings calls the alkaheft, or univerfal diflblvent, fo much talked of by him and Paracelfus.
Ignis Gehenna^ in chemiftry, a name given by Paracelfus to a certain menftruum, capable of diilblving all bodies, and remaining itfelf unaltered by them.
Van Helmont feems to make this the fame with the alkaheft, fo celebrated in his writings, and fo ardently fought after by all the chemifts fince his time.
iGKisJudicii. See the articles Judicium Dei, and Ordeal, CycL
Iunispicium, among the Romans, a fpecies of divination taken from the fire Uied in facrifices. Pitifc. See the article Pyromancy, CycL
IGUANA, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of lizard, very frequent in the Weft-Indies. It is an amphibious animal, of the lizard fhape, and in colour partly brown and partly grey, in fome of the animals ; and in others of a beautiful green, variegated with black and white fpots. From its neck to the extremity of its tail, it has a continued feries of fiat- pointed and ferrated fcales, of a fine green colour. Thefe are largeft at the neck.
JIYA, in zoology, the name of an American animal of the otter kind, called alfo Carigueibeiu. It is an amphibious creature, of the fize of a middle-fiz'd dog. Its head is round, and like a cat's j but its nofe is fomewhat pointed. Its eyes are black ; its ears roundifh, and placed very low as in the otter ; and it has a fort of beard or whjfkers com- pofed of a few ftifr" hairs. The feet have all five toes, the inner one being fmaller than any of the others. The hair is foft, not long, and all black, except thofe on the head, which are brown, and fome which compofe a yellowifh fpot under the throat. Its note is much like that of a young puppy. It feeds on fifh, and other animals. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 189.
ILEX, the holm-oak, in the Linnsean fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of trees, the characters of which are thefe : The calyx is a fmall perianthium, divided into four feg- ments, and remaining after the flower is fallen. The flower is compofed of one petal, divided into four roundifh hollow open fegments, cohering only at their bottoms. The fta- mina are four tapering filaments, fhorter than the flower ; the anther* are fmall ; the germen of the pifKUum is roundifh ; there is no ftyle, but only four obtufe ftigmata. The fruit is a roundifh berry, containing four cells j the feeds are placed one in each cell, and are very hard, oblong and obtufe, and gibbous on one fide and angular on the other. See Tab. 1. of Botany, Clafl", 19. and Liyinai Gen. Plant, p. 54.
The characters of this genus, according to Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : The flower is of the amentaceous kind, and is compofed of a great number of ftamina, arlfing from a hollow or funnel -fafhioned cup affixed by a flender capilla- ment. The embryo fruit appear in other parts of the tree, and finally become acorns furrounded by their proper cups, and containing a kernel which cafily feparates into two parts' To this it is to be added, that the leaves are ufually denti- culated, but not finuated in the manner of the common oak.
- Tourn. Inft. p. 583.
The fpecies of Ilex, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe. J '
1. The Ilex, with oblong ferrated leaves. 2. The Ilex with long and narrow, not ferrated leaves. 3 The Ilex with roundifh foft and moderately fmuated leaves, called the fnnlax by many of the old authors. 4. The holly-leav'd Ilex. 5. The Montpeher Ilex, with leaves woolly on both fides. 6. 1 he pnekh 'Ilex, on which the kermes are found, called Hex cocaglandifera.
There are feveral fpecies of this tree propagated for Mr- dens. They are to be railed by fowing the acorns in March ■ in order to which they fhould be gathered in Auguft as foon as ripe, and kept in dry earth or fand till fpring. The ground on which they are to be fown muft be well dug, and cleans'd from all noxious weeds ; then levelled even, and the great clods broken ; after this feveral rills are to be drawn along it with a hoe of about two inches deep, and from one toot to two diftant. In thefe the acorns are to be laid two or three inches afunder, and the ground then drawn over them with a rake. In die middle of April the young plants will appear ; but for the firft year they will make but very little progrefs in fee, and are to be kept clear of weeds ; the year following they will grow very quick, and in the March after their fowing, the ground between the rows iuppi.. Vol. I.
muft be carefully and lightly dug up, which will greatly fa- cilitate their taking root. In the April after their Towing; the plants which Hand too clofe muft be taken up, and tranf- planted to the places where they are to ftand. There is much care to be taken in the tranfplanting them, for hav- ing a long top-root they are not fo quick in taking root in a new ground, as thofe which have more ftringy ones. They ufually fucceed better when of four or five years growth, than while fmaller ; but they require a great deal of watering, and when firft planted ihould have the earth all about them made foft as pap. They do beft in a loamy foil, and are much in efteem for hedges in wildernefs quar- ters. Miller's Gardeners Difl.
ILIVILIHU, in natural hiftory, a name given by the inhabi- tants of the Philippine iflands to a very remarkable fpecies of bird, common in that country. It is called by fome writers Catmnix paruula tamtam, the fmall mountain quail, and it is indeed a quail in all the characters ; but it is very beautifully variegated in its colours, and is fmaller than a fparrow. It lives in hilly places, and is a very well tailed bird. See the articles Coturnix, and Quail.
ILIUM Os (CycL) — This bone was lb called by the antients, becaufe it fupports the parts they called the Ilia. It is the largeft of the three bones of the pelvis. It is flat, very broad, unequally convex, and concave ; partly round, and partly of an irregular fquare figure. It is divided com- modioufly enough into the crifta, bafis, anterior and pofte- rior edge ; and two fides, one external, the other internal. The crifta is the upper part, and is a pretty thick arched border, the circumference of it is a little more than a qua- drant of a cirde ; the anterior and middle part is convex outward, the pofterior part a little convex inward. Anato- mifts, for the fake of regularity in their defcriptions, diftin- guifh in it two labia and a middle fpace or interftice be- tween them. It is originally an epiphyfis, of which we fometimes fee plain marks in a very advanced age. The pofterior portion of the crifta, which is convex inward, is much thicker than the anterior; and, for that reafon, may be called the tuberculum of the crifta. The whole crifta appears to be covered over with a cartilage ; but this in rea- lity is no more than the dried tendinous expanfion of the mufcles. The anterior edge of this bone has two eminences or tubercles, called the anterior fpines, one fuperior, the other inferior ; and likewife two notches, one between the fpines, the other below the inferior fpine. The pofterior edge is fhorter and thicker than the anterior ; it terminates likewife in two eminences or fpines, between which there is a confiderable notch. The bafis or inferior part of the bone, is the thickeft and narrowed of all ; it forms ante- riorly a portion of the acetabulum, and pofteriorly almoft all the ifchiatic finus. The outfide is convex on the fore- part, and concave on the back-part ; we obferve on it the remains of a long femicircular line, which reaches from the upper an- terior fpine to the great ifchiatic finus, being a mufcular mark ; and above, and behind this impreflion, there are fe- veral other mufcular marks. A little above the edge of the acetabulum, we fee likewife many inequalities, which fur- round part of the edge in a femicircular form, being a col- lection of mufcular and ligamentary marks. The infide of this bone is unequally concave, and has feveral inequalities toward the back part. The chief of thefe is that large cartilaginous furface of the figure of a great S, or of a bird's head ; which anfwers to the lateral furface of the os facrum, with which it is connected by a cartilaginous fymphyfis. The other inequalities are much of the fame kind with thofe in the lateral part of the os facrum, with which they form feveral rough and irregular cavities. From the upper part of the cartilaginous furface or fymphyfis, all the way to the oblique eminence runs a prominent line, which bounds the concavity of the infide of this bone, and diftinguiihes the margin of the pelvis from the bottom, ft-ln/low's Anat. p. 69.
IMAGINARY (Cycl.)— Imaginary Quantity, in algebra See the article Root.
IMAGINIKER, among the Romans, an enfign-bearer, who carried the ftandard on which was reprefented the image of the reigning emperor. Danet'mvoc. See the article Signa.
IMAMIA, a name given to that feft of the Mahometans, to which the Perfians adhere. Hofm. Lex. in voc. See the article Imam, Cycl.
IMBANKING. See the article Banking.
IMBLOCATION, in middle age writers, a particular method of diipofing of the dead bodies of excommunicated perfons, by raifing over them a heap of ftones, or earth. This was done in die fields, or near high-ways ; it being unlawful to bury them in holy ground, or even inter them at all. See the article Burial.
The word is derived from Hoc, tumulus. Vid. Du Cange, GlofT. Lat. T. 3. p. 22. voc. imblocatus.
IMBRICATED-£mwj, imbricata falia, among botanifts. See the article Leaf.
Imbricated Shell, imbricata concha, in natural hiftory, a
term ufed in general to exprefs any fpecies of fhell-fiih, whofe
fhells are elevated into tranfverfe ridges, lying over one ano-
14 D ther
