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jaws ; his teeth, after this, Teemed We, and his checks were fo much irritated, that he thought they were fwelled to three times their natural fize, and he could not be perfuaded of the contrary by the people who were about him, nor by his glafs. This tingling fenfation by degrees fpread itfelf farther, till by decrees his whole body, but efpecially the extremities, were affected by it ; he then felt a weaknefs in his joints, efpecially in his knees and ankles, and frequent twitchings of the ten- dons. At length, he felt a pain that gave him an idea of the circulation of the blood being wholly affected, and abfolutely flopped in his legs toward the feet, and from his, wrifts to his finders ends. He had all this time no ficknefs, or difpofition to vomit. He took near a pint of oil, and fwallowed after that great quantities of carduus tea ; this made him vomit ; but after tins his head grew mifty, his eyes dim, and a humming noife was continually in his ears ; after this he fell into abfolute famtings, and his eyes were clofed, his limbs ftiff, and his teeth-fixed. He was, however* recovered at length by re- peated draughts of carduus tea, and cordial draughts of wine, with tincture of faffron, caftor, and the like, between the times of his reachings to vomit. Philof. Tranf. N°. 4.37,. 'The young fhoots of this plant have fome refemblance to fa- lary, and were put into the falad as fucli. The whole quan- tity put in, Was but the top of one root ; and one other perfon eat of the fallad befide the man. She eat more fparingly, and had all the fymptoms of which the man complain'd, only in a lefs degree. MONOCEROS Minor, in ichthyography, the name of a fifh caught in the American feas ; its ufual length is a foot and half; its height about nine inches, very flat bodied, and high backed like a perch, and bow bellied. Its head has fome re - remblance to that of a baboon. Its mouth is fituated low, and is not above an inch over. Its teeth are of the eighth of an inch long, and of the thicknefs of a midling needle ; and the gills are fubtended to the eyes and mouth, like the fegment of a circle. The eyes Hand near the top of the head, and are an inch over. From the top of the head is prolonged a fmooth, round, ta- pered, (trait horn, two inches round about the root, and about three inches long. This feems to have no bone within it, nor is inferted into any, but feems merely the cuticle hardened, as in corns, into a fort of horny fubftancc. The back fin reaches from the head to the tail. It is covered with a tough thick fkin, feeling fomewhat rough. Grew's Muf. Soc. Re- gal, p. 104. Monoceros Pifcis, is alfo ufed as the name of a fifh, common in the American feas, and called pira-aca by Marggrave, and fome other authors ; and by the Portuguefe, piexe porto. It is a very fmall fifh, of about three fingers breadth long, and two broad where broadeft ; it is of a flatted or comprefied fhape ; the mouth is very fmall, but of the figure of that of a hog ; and there are in the lower jaw only two broad teeth, and fe- veral fmall ones in the upper. The eyes are very large and yellow, with black pupils. A little behind the eyes, on the ridge of the back, it has an upright horn, a little bending backwards, lefs than a finger's breadth long, of a rounded figure, and of the thicknefs of a large thread ; this is ferrated on each fide by a row of fmall teeth or prickles, their points bending downwards ; and the whole horn feems fupported by a fmall membrane, which is laid tranfverfely on the back. It has a fmall furrow under each eve, in the cavity of which is placed a little fin ; under the belly it has another larger fin, at the infertion of' which there is alfo another horn like that on the back, but fmaller. Its flcin is very rough to the touch, and is of an obfeure yellowifh colour. The fins and the ridge of the back are yellower than any other part of it. See Tab. of Fifhes, N°. 36. Cluf. Exot. lib. 6. c. 28. iVLONOCOLI, Mw'/xw^ot, a kind of fabulous men, who, as the Arabians give out, inhabit the country of Scgir in Arabia Fe- lix. They are furnifhed with only half the head, breaft and wily ; and have but one eye, one ear, one hand, and one foot ; notwithftanding which they can walk very fwiftly, and even climb trees ; talk with one another, and fing verfes very elegantly compofed. Their chief refidence is faid to be by the fides of lakes, or the fea fhore. Hofm. Lex. univ. in voc. T he word is Greek, compounded of ^m, one, and mmM. a member. MONODON, in the Linnaean fyftem of zoology, the name of the monoceros, or fea unicorn, a fifh of the whale kind, Which makes a diflinft genus of fifhes ; the characters of which are, that it has no fin on the back, and a verv long tooth in its upper jaw. Linnai Syft. Nat. p. 51. The word is Greek, compounded of M« «, one, and oW, a tooth, and expreflcs this nfli's having only a iingle tooth. Artedi makes the Monodon a peculiar genus anions the ceta- ceous fifhes, or plagiuri. The Narwal is the only known
i\/rte> of thls genus - See tlle article Narwal.
1UUNOFCIA, m botany, a clafs of plants which have not the male and female parts, that is, the ftamina and piftillum in the lame, but in different flowers ; and thofe on the fame in- dividual, or on the different (talks, growing from the fame root J thofe which contain the ftamina are called the male Mowers, thole which contain the pHKUum, the female ones. 1 he word is derived from the Greek, ^ the fame, and
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o'jtofi habitation. The plants.of this zhS-- arc the alders mul- berry, amaranth, &r. See Tab. of Botany* Clafs 1. MONOGASTR1C, in anatomy, a name given by Vieuflens, and fome of the French writers, to one of the mufcles of the ear, called by Cowper, the intemus auris; and more properly by Albinus, the ten/or tympanic
MONOGRAPHI, ih botany, authors who have written exprefs treatifes on only one plant ; as Douglafs on the Guernfey lilly, &e. Linnai Fund. Bot. p. 1.
MONOMACHON, a name given by fome to the inteftine, otherwife called cacum:
MONOMERES, a word ufed by the antients alone, but more frequently joined with the word phorbeia, to exprefs one fort of the bandage ufed to confine the breath, by thofe who played on the antient pipe. This confifted only of one ftrait, and one tranfverfc piece ; and the latter came fully over the mouth, and doled ic up, except that a hole was cut in it to receive the mouth-piece of the pipe. The dicmeres confifted of feveral pieces, and only tied up the lower lip.
MONOPAGIA, a word ufed by fome medical writers, for fliat fpecies of headach which affects only one point, or fmull part of the head*
MONOPETALOUS (C>r/.)— See thefe flowers reprefented in Fab. i. of Botany, Clafs 1.
MONOPHAGI, MM<pa.yoi; in antiquity^ a defignation given to thofe who celebrated the iEginean feftival, . becaufe they fcafted or eat together without the affiftance of their fervants ; none but denizens of that island being allowed to be prefent. Potter, Archreol. Grasc. 1. 2. c. 20. T. I. p. 364.
.MONOPODIA, among the antients, a fort of tables ufed in their feafts, and diftinguiflicd by this name from their having but one foot; the name being derived from the Greek, pitk, one, and *-«*, foot. Hardouin. in Plin. Vol. 2. p. 641.
MONOPS, in natural hiftory, a name given by /Elian, and fome other of the old Greek writers, tb the bonajus. It fhould appear from this name, which expreflcs a fiugle eye, that the creature had but one eye ; but this is not the cafe, and the word is rather formed upon the name tTionoptis, which was originally written monapus, and the*7 only changed into an 0, by the corruption of the copies of the authors who had treated of it. I he name monapus was given this animal* according to Ariftotle, by the people of the country where the creature was moft frequent, and therefore is not to be attempted on any Greek etymology. Some of the Greeks have called the fame creature monepos, and fome bolinthos. See the article Bona- sus.
MONOSCELI, Mokjctke^!!?, a fabulous race of men, who are reprefentcd by Pliny to have only one leg. They were alfo called ftcapodes* See the articles Sicapodes and Mono-
COLI. ,
The word is Greek, compounded of p*m, one* and a-xt^ a leg.
MONOSPERMALTH^A, in botany, a name given by Mr. Ifnard, in the Afta Germanica, to a genus of plants af- terwards called ivaithcria by Linnaeus. Ifnard, A. G. 1720. See the article Waltheria.
MONOTROPA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, called by Tournefortj orobanchoides, and by Dillenius, hypo- pitis. See the article Orobanchoides^
MONRINGION, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the tree whofe fruit is the ben nut, and whofe wood the lignum nephriticum of the fhops. Hort. Mai. vol. 6. p. 19
MONSTER (£>/.)— The French Academicians have of late difputed whether Monjlers, that is, creatures born with their organs preternaturally formed or fituated, fupernumerary or defective, were originally fo formed in their firft ftamina; or whether this deformity has been owing to fome accidental change upon them. The arguments for thefe opinions, are remarks on particular hiftorics of fuch Monjlers 9 which we cannot abridge, and therefore muft refer to the Memoirs de 1'Acad. des Sciences, 1733, 1734^ 1731, 1739.
MONTENSES, a name given to the Donatifts. See the articles Campit^, Suppl. and Donatists, Cycl
MONTH (Cyd.) 1 — Among the antient Greeks, the year was divided into twelve Months, which contained thirty and twenty-nine days alternately ; but fo as the Months of thirty days always went before thofe of twenty- nine; the former were termed wto^n, full, and hxaQQini, as ending on the tenth day ; the latter were called *»&», hollow, and from their ending on the ninth day, mu^mi.
In order to underftand their method of reckoning the days of the Month, it muft be confidered that every Month was divided intOTpia &x?i{tefu 9 or three decads of days ; the firft decad they called f^to; «p%oft«a or tr«^« ; the fecond, ^tvo; fMruflos ; the third, (*wos pflimV, 5r«uo/sMn» or Jwi^oiflsf, Whence the firft day of the Month was called Mof«jMrf 3 as falling upon the new moon, and w i :4>iw« r -x D /* £n ' or ^a^aa, as being the firft day of the firft decad ; the fecond day was termed, Sivl^a irup&a ; 1 the third, Tpli tr*j*e»« ; and fo on to the hnctiv «raf*iva. The firft day of the fecond decad, which was the eleventh day of the Month, was called ir^Jln yaamSiti^ or ffpo]*] twihxa. ; the fecond of this decad, ^ivltpa fwe-aflof, or iiriS'fi«a, and fb oa to £«»?, the twentieth, which was the laft of the fecpnd de- cad.
The
