HOP
Hops are to be gathefd when they look a little brownifh, and that without delay : the molt expeditious Way, is, to make a Frame with four fhorr Poles or Sticks, laid on four Forks driven into the Ground, of fuch Breadth, as to con- tain either the Hair-Cloth of your Kiln, or a Blanket tacked round it about the Edges. — On this Device, the Poles, with the Hops on them, may be laid, being either fupported by Forks, or the Edges of the Frame ; at each Side where- of", the Pickers may ftand, and pick the Hops into it. — When the Blanket or Hair-Cloth is full, untack it, carry it away, and place another, or the fame empty'd, in the fame Frame again 3 and this Frame may be daily remov'd, with little Trouble, to fome new Place of the Garden near the Work.
Hops muft.not be gatber'd while wet ; but if the Dew be on them, or a Shower of Rain has taken them, the Pole may be Shaken, and they'll dry the fooner : If they be over-ripe, they'll be apt to filed their Seed, wherein con- . iifis their chief Strength ; neither will they look ib green, but fomewhat brown, which much leflens their Value 5 though fome let them Hand as long as they can, becauie they wafte lefs in the dropping 5 for four Pounds of undry'd Hops, thorough ripe, will make one of dry 5 whereas five Pounds of thofe (irately ripe, yet in their Prime, make but one ; fo that 'tis judg'd the Proprietors get more in the thorough-ripe Hop by the Weight, than they lofe in the Colour.
As fa ft as the Hops are pick'd, they muft be drfd: Some among us, efpecially the Flemmivgs and Hollanders, make ufe of an Ooji or Kiln for this Purpofe : Others dry them on the ordinary Malt Kiln in an Hair-Cloth .- But the heft Way, is to make a Bed of flat Ledges, about an Inch thick, and two or three Inches broad, lawn, and laid one acrois the other, Checkerwife, the flat Way 5 the Distances about three Inches, or the like; the Ledges fo enter'd, are put into another, that the Floor may be even and fmooth : This Bed may reft on two or three Joyces fet edgewife, to Support it from finking ; then cover it with large double Tin fblder'd together at each Joynt 3 and fo order the Ledges before they are laid, that the Joynts of the Tin may always lie over the. Middle of a Ledge 3 and when the Bed is wholly cover'd with Tin, fit Boards about the Edges of the Kiln to keep up the Hops, only let the one Side be to remove, that the Hops may be moved off as before. The Hops may be turn'd on this Tin-Bed or Floor with great Safety, and fmall Expence of Fuel 3 befide that, any maimer of Fuel will ferve for this Purpofe as well as Charcoal, the Smoak not patting thro' the Hops: But it muft not be for- gor, to make Conveyances for it at the feveral Corners and Sides of the Kiln.
The turning of Hops after the eafieft and moft fecure Manner, is found to be not only a Watte and Injury to the Hop, but alfo an Expencc of Fuel and Time 3 yet it may be prevented, in Cafe the upper Bed, whereon the Hops lie, have a Cover that may be let down and rais'd at Pleafure 5 which Cover may be tinn'd over, by nailing fir.gle Tin Plates to the Face of it, that when the Hops begin to dry, and are ready to be burnt, you may let down this Cover within a Foot and lefs of the Hops, which will refledl the Heatupon them, that the uppermoft Hop will be as foon dry as the lower, and every Hop equally dry'd.
The Method of bagging Hops, (after they have lain a Month more to cool and toughen) is to make a round or fquare Hole in an upper Floor, big enough for a Man with eafe to gn up and down, and turn and wind in it ; then tack a Hoop about the Mouth of the Bag fa ft with Packthread, that it may bear the Weight of the Hops when full, and of the Man that treads them : That done, let the Bag down thro' the Hole, and the Hoop will reft above, fo as to keep the Bag from Hiding wholly thro' 3 into this Bag caft a few Hops, and before you go in to tread, let an handful of Hops be tyed at each lower Corner with a Piece of Packthread, to make, as it were, a TafTel, whereby the Bag, when full, may be conveniently lifted or remov'd 3 then go into the Bagi and tread the Hops on every Side, another ftill caft- ing in as fa ft as you require, till it be full : When 'tis well trodden and fill'd, let the Bag down by unripping the Loop, and dole the Mouth of the Bas, filling the two upper Cor- ners as you did the lower: This Bag, if well pack'd and dry'd, will keep feveral Years in a dry Place 3 only Care muft be taken, that Mice do not fpoil or wafte the Hops 3 not that they'll eat them, but make their Nefts therein.
HOPLITES, Hoplit;e, in Antiquity, were fuch of the Candidates at the Olympic and other facred Game*, as ran Races in Armour. See Game.
One of the flneft Pieces of the famous ^arrhafms, was a Painting which reprefented two Hoplites ; the one running, and feeming to fweat large Drops 5 and the other laying his Arms down, as quite fpent and out of Breath. c PU??y 1. xxxv. c. 10, and Tafchas. deCoroms, 1. vi. cap. 14.
The Word is Greek onti-m, form'd of fahavi Armour,
( 2 5* )
HOR
HOPLOMACHI, in Antiquity, were a Species of Gla- diators. See Gladiator.
_ The Hoplomachi were thofe who fought in Armour, either compleatly arm'd from Head to Foot, or only with a Cask and Cuiraffe.'
The Word is compos'd of the Greek k*w, Armour, and f«W<> ' fight.
HOPPER, aVeffel wherein Seed-Corn is carry'd at the Time of Sowing. See Sowing.
The Word is alfo ufed for that wooden Trough in a Mill, into which the Corn is put to be ground. See Mill.
HORARY, lomething relating to Bora, Hour. See Hour.
Horary Circles of the Globe. See Globe. Horary Circles, at Lines, in Dialling, are the Lines or Circles which mark the Hours on Sun-dials. See Dial.
The Horary Motion of The Earth, i.e. the Arch it de- fcribes in the Space of an Hour, is 15 Degrees ; not accu- rately, (for the Earth moves with different Velocity, ac- cording to its greater or lefs Dittance from the Sun) but near enough for ordinary Computations. See Earth.
HORD, Horde., Horda, in Geography, is ufed for a Company or Body of wandering People which have no fettled Abode or Habitation; but ftrcle about Afw and Africa, dwelling in Chariots, or under Tents, to be ready to fliift as foon as Herbage, Fruits, and the prefent Pro- vince is eaten bare.
Hard is properly the Name which the Tartars, who in- habit beyond the Volga, in the Kingdoms of Jljlracan and 'Bulgaria, give to their Villages.
A Hard confifls of 50 or (To Tents rang'd in a Circle, leaving an open Place in the Middle. — The Inhabitants of each Hord ufually form a military Company or Troop ; the eldeft whereof is commonly the Captain, and depends on the General, or Prince of the whole Nation,
The TctmHord is a Tartarian Word, and literally de- notes a Multinide.
HORDEATUM, a liquid Medicine, made of Barley, bear and boil'd with other fuitable Ingredients.
HORDEOLUM, in Medicine, a fmall Tubercle arifing on the Palpebral or Eye-lids. See Paleeer."e.
It is thus caU'd from the Latin, Hordeum, Barley, as re- fembling a Barley Corn.
The Cure of the Hordeolum and Grande, is by Difcutients and Suppuratives.
HORDICAL1A, or Hordicidia, in Antiquity, a reli- gious Feaff held among the Romans, wherein they lacrifie'd Cattle big with young. See Feast.
This Fealt fell on the 1 5th of April ; on which Day they facriric'd thirty Cows big with Calf, to the Goddefs Tethys, or Terra, Earth : Part of them were facrifie'd in the Tem- ple of Jupiter. — They were burnt, at firlf, by the Ponti- fices ; afterwards, by the elded of the Veftal Virgins.
Alexand. ab Alexandre Genial. T)ier. writes Hordalis dies ; and from him, fome of the Moderns call the Feaft Hordalia ; but Vano writes it Hordicalia, and Fejlus, Hordicidia.
The Word Hordicidia is form'd of horda ^ which Feftus explains by pnegnans, pregnant ; and &edo, I facrifice. Ovid, in his Tap, I. iv. v. t^r, defcribes horda, or forda, to be Bos prtgnavs ; of weM\ gravida.
HORIZON, or Horison, in Aftronomy, a great Circle of the Sphere, dividing the World into two Parts or He- mifpheres ; the one upper, and vifible ; the other lower, and hid. See Circle and Hemisphere.
The Word is pure Greek, and literally CigmGes bounding or terminating the Sight ; being form'd of oei?<», termino, define, I bound, I limit; whence' it is alfo call'd Finiter, Finilher. The Horizon is either Rational or Senjible. The rational, true, or Afironomical Horizon, which is alio call'd limply and abfolutely the Horizon, is a great Cir- cle, whofe Plane partes rhro' the Centre of the Earth, and whofe Poles are the Zenith and Nadir.
Such is the Circle H R (Tab. Aftronomy, Fig. ;z.) whofe Poles are the Zenith and Nadir: Whence it follows, that the feveral Points of the Horizon are a Quadrant diftant from the Zenith and Nadir.
The Meridian and Vertical Circles, all cut the rational Horizon at right Angles, and into two equal Parts. See Meridian and Vertical Circle.
The fenfible, vifible, or apparent Horizon, is a leffer Circle of the Sphere, as hr, which divides the vifible Pare of the Sphere from the invifible.
Its Poles, too, are the Zenith and Nadir: And confo- quentty the fenfible Horizon is parallel to the rational ; and it is cut at right Angles, and into two equal Parts by the Verticals.
The fenfible Horizon is divided into Eaftern and Wefterri. The Eafiern or Ortive Horizon, is that Part of the Horizon wherein the heavenlv Bodies rife. See Rising.
The jfefiem or Decidual Horizon, is that wherein the Stars fet. See Setting.
Horizon,
