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GARLAND, an Ornament for the Head, in manner of a Crown. See Crown.
Garlands are a fort of Chaplets, made of Flowers, Fea- thers, or even of pretious Stones ; but elpecially Flowers : To which the Word in our Language is more immediarely affected.
fanus paffes, in Antiquity, for the Inventor o{ Garlands. Athen. Dipnof. L. XV.
The Word is form'd of the Barbarous Latin Gbirlanda ; which is ftill retain'd in the Italian. Menage traces its O- rigin from Gins, thro' girulus, to girulare, girlare, ghir- landus, gbirlanda, and at length guirlandc, and Garland ; io that Gmrland, or Garland are defended in the eighth Degree from Gyrus. — ■
Hicks rejects this Derivation, and brings the Word from Gardcl banda, which in the Northern Languages fignify, a Nofegay artfully -wrought with the Hand.—
Garland, in a Ship, a Collar of Rope, which is wound about the Head of the Main-maft, to keep the Shrouds from galling.
GARNISH. In feme antient Writings and Statutes, to gamifh the Heir, fignifies to warn the Heir.
GARNISHEE, in Law, the Party, in whofe Hands Mo- ney is attach 'd within the Liberties of the City of London ; fb call'd in the Sheriff" of London's Court, becaufe he has had Gamijbment, or Warning, not to pay the Money, but to appear and anfwer to the Plaintiff-Creditor's Sute. See Attachment.
GARNISHING, or Garnishment, is popularly ufed for the Furniture of any thing ; or an Aflemblagc, or Sort- ment neceffary for the ufing,' or adorning of any thing. See Furniture.
The Garnishing of a tDifli, confifts of certain Things which accompany it; either as a Part, and Ingredient thereof; In which Senfe Pickles, Mufhrooms, Oyiters, tic. are Gar- niflnng: Or as a Circumffance, or Ornament; as when Leaves, Flowers, Roots, t$c. are laid about a Service, to amufe the Eye.
The fame Word is us'd for the finer Herbs, Fruits, tic kid about aSallad: Garnifliing of Lemon, Piftacho's, Pom- granare, Yolks of hard Eggs, Artichoak Bottoms, Capers, Truffles, Sweat-bread, &c.
_ The Word is French, form'd of the Verb Garnir, to fur- rum, or fit out.
GARNISHMENT, in Law, a Warning given any one to appear ; and that for the better furnifhing the Caufe, and Co. t. Suppofe, e.gr. one is feed for the Detinue of cer- tain Charters, and fays, they were deliver'd to him, not only by the Plaintiff, but J. S. alio; and therefore prays, that J. S. may be warn'd to plead with the Plaintiff; whether the Conditions are perform 'd, or no.
In this Petition he is laid to pray Garnifhment ; which may be interpreted, a Warning to J. S. to provide himfelf of a Defence ; or elfe a furniftiing the Court with all Par- ties to the Aftion, whereby it may throughly determine the Caufe. —
GARRISON, a Eody of Forces, difpofed in a Fortrefs, to defend it againft the Enemy ; or to keep the Inhabitants in Subjection ; or even to be fubfifted during the Winter Seafon. See Fortress,
The Words Garrijon, and Winter Quarters, are fome- times ufed indifferently for the fame thing ; and fometimes they denote different Things.
In the latter Cafe, a Garrifon is a Place wherein Forces are ltiaintain'd, tofecureit; where they keep regular Guard; As, a Frontier Town, a Cittadel, Cajile, Tower, &c. The Garrifon fhould always be ffronger than the Towns-men,
Winter Quarters, fignify a Place where a Number of Forces are laid up in the Winter Seafon, without keeping the regular Guard. The Soldiers like better ro be in Win- ter Quarters, than in Garrifon. See Fortified Place, Winter Quarters, &c.
tDu Cange derives the Word from the corrupt Latin gar- nicio, which the later Writers ufe to fignify all manner of Munition, Arms, Victuals, tic. neceffary for the Defence of a Place, and the fuftaining of a Siege.
GARTER, literally fignifies the fame with the Greek risfuVasA/f, Perifcelis, a Ligature, to keep up the Stockings ; and is particularly ufed for the Badge, or Cognizance of a Noble Order of Knights, hence denominated the Order of the Garter. See the following Arricle.
Garter, or Order of the Garter, is a Military Or- der, inflituted by King Edward III. in r 5 50 ; under the Ti- tle of the Sovereign, and Knights-Companions of the mofi Noble Order of the Garter. See Order.
This Order confifts of 26" Knights, or Companions; ge- nerally, all Peers, or Princes ; whereof the King of England is the Sovereign, or Chief.
They wear a blue Garter on the left Leg, with this Mot- to, or Device, H'.ni foit qui mat y penfe ; q.d. Shame to him, that thinks evil hereof. See Motto.
They are a College, or Corporation 5 having a Great,
and Lirtle Seal ; Their Officers are, a 'Prelate, Chancellory Regifler, Dean, King at Arms, and Ujhcr. fee Prelate, Chancellor, &c.
Befide which, they have a Xtean, and twelve Canons, with "Petty Canons, Vergers, and ~-6 'Penfioncrs, or poor Knights. See Canon, tic.
The Order is under the Patronage, or Pt'cfcciion of St. George, the Tutelary Saint of this Kingdom. SeePATRON.
Their College js held in. the Caltle oiWindfor, within the Chapel 'of St. George, and the Chapter- houfe, erected by the Founder for that Purpofe. Their Robes, tic. are the Garter, deck'd with Gold, Pearl, and precious Stones; and a Buckle of Gold, to be worn daily on the left Leg; and, at Feafls and Solemnities, a Sur-coat, Mantle, high Velvet Cap, Collar of SS's, compofed of Rofes enamei'd, tic. See SUrcoat, Collar, tic.
When they wear not their Robes, they, ate to have a filver Star on the left Side; and they commonly bear the Picture of St. George, enamel'd on Gold, and bel'et with Diamonds, at the End of a blue Ribbon, croffing the Body from the left Shoulder. They are not to appear abroad without the Garter, on Penalty of 6 s. &d. paid to the Re- gifter.
The Order of the Garter appears the molt antient and noble Lay Order in the World. Tis prior to the French Order of St. Michael, by 50 Years : To that of the Golden Fleece, by 80 Years : To that of St. Andrew, by 190 Years ;_ and to that of the Elephant, by 209 Years. See Order of ■ St. Michael, Golden Fleece, St. Andrew, Elephant, &c.
Since its Inffitution, there have been eight Emperors; and 27 or 28 foreign Kings; beiide numerous Sovereign' Princes enroll'd as Companions thereof.
Its Origin is fomewhat differently related : The common Account is, that it was erected in Honour of a Garter of the Countefs of Salisbury, which fhc dropt in Dancing, and the King pick'd up : But our belt Antiquaries let this afi.de as fabulous.
Cambden,Fern, &c. take it to have been inflituted on oc- cafion of the Victory obtain'd over the French, at the Bat- tle of Crejjy .- That Prince, fay fome Hiiiorians, order' J his Garter to be difplay'd, as a Signal of Battle ; in commemo- ration whereof, he made a Gdrlir the Principal Ornament of the Order, erected in memory of this Sigii-1 V.ctory ; and a Symbol of the indiffoluble Union of the Knights.—
Vn.-Papcbrocb, in his Analetla on St.George, in the third Tome of the ASta Santlorvm, publifh'd by die Sollaudifts, has a Differtation on the Order of the Girter. This Order*, 1 he obferves, is not lefs known under the Name of St. George ; than under that of Garter ; and that, thd' it was 1 only inflituted by K. Edwardlll ; yet it had been projected before him, by K. Ricbardl. in his Expedition to the Holy Land ; if we may credit an Author, who wrote under Hen- ry VIII. 'Papebroch adds, however, that he does not fee what that Author grounds his Opinion on ; and that tho' thd Generality of Writers fix the Epocha of this Institution to' the Year 1350, he chufes, with Froijlfard, to refer it to the Year 1344.; which agrees better with the Hittory of that Prince; where we read, that he call'd an Extraordinary Af- fembly of Knights that Year.
In 1551 Edward VI. made fome Alterations in trie Ri- tual of this Order : That Prince compos'd it in Latin ; the Original whereof is ftill extant in his own Hand Writing. He there ordain'd, that the Order lliould no longer be call'd. the Order of St. George ; but that of the Garter; and in- ffcad of the George, hung at the Collar,- he fubftituted a Cavalier, bearing a Book on the Point of his Sword, with the Word 'Protctlio graven on the Sword ; and Verbum 1)ei on the Book ; with a Buckle in the left Hand, and the Word Fides thereon.' — Larrey.
Authors on this Order are, Cambden, AJbmole, Leland, 'Polydore Virgil, Heylin, Legar, Glover, and Favfn.
Erhard, Cellius, and the Prince of Orange, adds 'Pajie- brocb, have given Defcriptions of the Ceremonies ufed at the Installment of Knights ; and a Ciftercian Monk, named Mendocms Sealetus, has a Treatife, intitled la Garretten't or Speculum Anglicanv.m, fince printed under the Title of the Catechifm of the Order of the Garter : Wherein he ex- plains all the Allegories, real, or pretended of thofe Cere- monies, with the Moral Significations thereof.
Garter, 'Principal King at Arms; fee Kino as Arms.
Garter, and 'Principal King at Arms, are two d'iftinii Offices, united in one Pcrfon: Garter's Employment is to at- tend the Service of the Garter ; for which he is allowed a Mantle and Badge, a Houfe in Windfor Caffle, and Penfions both from the Sovereign, and Knights, and laftly, Fees. He alfe carries the Rod and Sceptre at every Feaft of St. George, when the Sovereign is prefent : Notifies the Election of fuch as are new chofen : Attends the Solemnity of their Inftallations, and takes care of placing their Arms over their Seats : Carries the Garter to foreign Kings and Princes ;
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