GUA
( l 9° )
GUE
faid to have been the firft who took Guards at Rome. fDi- onyf. Halicamafiieus, lib. iv. and yet we find that Romulus form'd himfelfa Guard, confiiUng at fait of 12 Lictors, and afterwards of 300 Soldiers, whom he called Celeres. See Celeres.
T.he Roman Emperors had, for their Guard, the Preto- rian Cohorts, eftabli/hed by Juguftus, as Dion and Sueto- nius relate : Thofe of the Emperors of Conjiantinople, were called Buccellarii. See Euccellarii; fee alio Domes- tici and Protectop.es.
Captain of the Guards, Colonel of the Guards, Brigadier of the Guards, Exempt of the Guards, &c. See Captain, Colonel, Brigadier, Exempt,^.
Teamen of the Guards. See Yeomen vftheGuards.
The French Guards are divided into thofe within, and thofe without the Palace : The firlt coniifts of the Gardes du Corps, q. d. Body-Guard ; part whereof are Gardes de la Manchc, q. d. of the Elbow : The hundred S-zvifies $ an innt. See Sword.
Guards, in Aftronomy, is a Name fometitnes applied to the two Stars ncareit the Pule, being in the hind part of the Chariot, at the Tail of the little Bear. See Cynosure.
Their Longitude, Latitude, &c. fee among thofe of the other Stars in the Comtellation Ursa minor.
One of them is the Pole Star. Sec Pole Star.
GUARD ANT, or Gardant, in Heraldry, a Term- ap- plied to a Lion or other Beaft when born in a Coat of Arms, full faced, or with his Face turned towards the Spectator, and thus appearing in a Pofture of Guard, and Defence. — The Heralds lay a Lion is never io reprefented, but a Leopard always.
GUARDIAN, or Gardian, he to whom the Charge or Cuftody of any Perfon or Thing is committed. See Ward.
The Notion of Guardian Angils, is very antient in the Eafi. See Djemon.
In the Convents k^ Fraud ft ans, the Officer is called Guar- dian who in the reft is called Superior. See Superior.
In the Order of the Garter, the Officer who in other mi- litary Orders is called Grand- Mailer, is called the Sove- reign Guardian of the Order. Sec Garter.
Guardian, in Law, is a Perfon intruded with the Edu- cation, Tuition, £?c. of fuch as are not of fufficiem Difcre- tion to guide themfelves, and their own Affairs; as Chil- dren, and Ideots.
The Word Guardian, with us, includes the Offices both of the Tutor and Curator of the Civilians : The Tutor, for inftance, had the Government of a Youth, till he arrived at 14 Years of Age. See Tutor. And the Curator had the Difpofition and ordering of his Effects thenceforward, till 25 Xears of Age; or the Charge of a Lunatick, during his Lunacy. See Curator; all which Purpolcs, our Guardi- an alone anfwers.
We have three Kinds of Guardians: One appointed by the Father in his Will; another by the Judge afterwards ; and a third caft upon a Minor by the CuKom of the Land : But the antient Law relating to Guardians, is much alter'd by Stat. 12. Car. If. which ordains that, 'Where any Perfon ' has a Child under the Age of 21 Years, and unmarried at ■ the Time of his Death, it /hall be lawful for rhe Father ' of the Child, whether born at the Time of his Dcceale,
- or yet in ventre fa mere, cither by Deed or Will, to dif-
4 pofe of the Cutlody and Tuition of fuch Child while un- 1 der Age, or for any lefTer Time, to any Perfon, Popifh ( Recufants excepted : Which Difpofition mall be good a- ' gainft all Perfons claiming fuch Child as Guardian in So- 1 cage, or othcrwife. And in Cafe the Father appoint no
- Guardian, the Ordinal*)' may appoint one to look to his
' Goods and Chattels till the Age of fourteen- at which
- Time the Child may chufe a Guardian himfelf. And
- for his Lands, the next of kin on that fide by which the
' Lands defcends, ihall not be Guardian, as heretofore in 1 Cafe of a Tenure in Socage. See Socage.
Guardian of the Spiritualities, is he to whom the fpx- ritual Jurifdiciion of a Diocefc is committed, during the Vacancy of the See. See Vacancy.
This Guardian may be either fuch in Law, i.e. 'Jure Magiflratus, as the Archbifhop is of any Diocefe within his Province ; or by Delegation, as he whom the Archbi- fhop or Vicar- General, does for the Time depute. See Vicar, £=fc.
The Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, are Guardians both for the Diocefe, and the whole Province, during a Va- cancy of the Archbifhop.
Guardian, or Warden, of the Cinque -Ports, is an Officer who has the Jurifdiction of the Cinque-Ports, with all the Power that the Admiral of England has in other Places. See Cinq^ue-Ports, and Admiral.
Cambden relates, that the Romans, after they had fettled themfelves, and their Empire in our Ifland, appointed a Magi ft rate or Governour over the Eaft Parts wnere the Cinque-Ports lie, with the Title of Comes Littoris Saxonici per 'Britanniam ; having another that bore the like Title, on the oppofite Side of the Sea. Their Bufinefs was to ftrengthen the Sea Coaft with Munition againft the Outra- ges and Robberies of the Barbarians. And that Antiquary takes our Warden of the Cinque- Ports to have been erected in Imitation hereof. Britannia, p. 228. Guardian of the Peace. See Conservator of the Peace.
GUELPHS, or Guelfs, a celebrated Faction in Italy, Antagohifls of the Gihellim. See Gieellin.
The Guelphi and Gihellins fill'd Italy with Blood and Carnage for many Years. The Guelphs ftood for the Pope, againlt the Emperor. Their Rife is referr'd by fome to be the Time of Conrad III. in the 12th Century; by others to that of Frederic I. and by others, to that of his Succeffor Frederic II, in the 15th Century.
The Name Guetfh commonly {aid to have been form'd from that oUVclfe, Welfo, on the following Occafion : The Emperor Conrad III. having taken the Dutchy of Bavaria from JVelfe VI. Brother of Henry Duke of Bavaria, Wetfe t atfitted by the Forces of Roger "King of Sicily, made War on Conrad, and thus gave Birth to the Faction of the Guelfs.
Others chufe rather to derive the Name Wclfe from that oiGuelfon. Others, again, derive the Name Guelfs from the German Wolff, on account of the grievous Evils com- mitted by that cruel Faction. Laftly, others derive the Deno- mination from that of a German called Guelfe, who lived at Pijloyc; adding, that his Brother, named Gibel, gave the Name to the Gibcllines : Under which Head, the Reader will find a more ample Account of the Origin and Hiftory of thofe celebrated Factions.
GUER1TE, in Fortification, a fmall Tower of Wood or Stone, placed ufually on the Point of a Baltion, or on the Angles of the Shoulder; to hold a Centinel, who is to take care of the Ditch, and watch out againfl a Surprize —
GUEST-TAKERS, or Gist-takers. See Agistors.
GUET,
