PAP
PAP
The fat is primed according to art, when the liquor has fuch a proportion of the pulp, as that a mould dipped in it, will take up as much as will make the fheet of paper
' of the thicknefs defired. A mould is a fquare fieve about an inch deep, bottomed with brafs-wire -cloth, fupported with flicks to prevent the
• wire from bagging down, and keep it perfectly horizontal ; for that if it any ways bags, one part of the fheet of Paper will be thicker than the other.
This mould the maker dips, with a deckle on, into the fat, and takes it out again fhaking, that the water may run clear from the pulp in the fieve, and thus delivers it to the couch- er, who couches it upon a felt laid on a plank, and lays another felt on it ; and fo fucceffively, a fheet and a felt, a meet and a felt, till a poft, ;', e. one prefling, containing fix quire, be made. — Oi poft paper, they may make twenty pofts or more per day. — The toucher having done his office, returns the mould to the maker, and the maker to the coucher fucceffively.
A poft being made, either the maker, or coucher whiffles ; upon which four or five men advance, one whereof draws the poft under the prefs with two little hooks ; and the reft prefs it with great force till no water is left, which is quickly done with two or three pulls.
This being done, the poft is pulled from the prefs, and fet on the right fide by the laying ftool ; then the layer takes off the firft felt, returns it to the coucher, and lays the firft fheet on the laying ftool, over which he lays the fe- condj then the third very regularly ; and thus fucceffively till the whole poft be laid out. — Which done, it is fet by till toward the end of the day ; and then the whole day's work is prefled again, and fet exactly one on another, fo that it looks like one folid pafte board.
This, after two or three pulls, as before, is taken out,again by the dry workman, and carried up into the loft, and hung fix or feven meets together upon lines fattened to a tiling called a tribble, each tribble containing thirty lines ten or twelve foot long.
When dried it is taken down, laid on a three footed ftool, and there rubbed fmooth with the hands ; and afterwards plac- ed in heaps, feven or eight foot high, in a very dry place; where it ftands till fizing, which is the next operation. Chafing a fine, dry, temperate day, they put into a cop- per two barrels of water ; and into this, when juft warm, fixty pounds weight of clean parchment or vellum fhav- ings ; which they boil till it be reduced to a perfect fize ; then ftrain it through a fine cloth, on which is ftrewed a due proportion of white vitriol and roch-allum finely powdered, into a tub a foot deep.
Near to this tub are brought four or five reams of the paper; and a full gage, or fo much as can be taken up with the hands at a time, is dipped into the fize, being as hot as the hands can well bear it; and by a certain gentle quick management, it is fo ordered that every fheet fhall be fized : after which, it is put regularly into the prefs, prefled, moved thence into the drying loft, and hung ufually fheet by fheet till dry. But care is taken, that the direct rays of the fun come not nigh it till it be dry, which would otherwife endanger the evaporation of the fize. When thoroughly dry it is taken down, fmoothed with the hands as before, heaped, prefled hard, and fo it ftands all night. Next morning it is taken out, and carried into the ftorehoufe, where it is forted ; what is fit for infide quires, are laid by themfelves, and the outfide by them- felves ; and then it is prefled again, and fo commonly ftands all night.
In the morning it is carried into the ftorehoufe again, where it is told into quires of 24 or 25 Sheets each, folded, laid by in heaps; and when there is a prefs full, it is prefled again, double for a while, and then made into reams of 20 quires each a , and bales of 10 reams to a bale b . ■ * Vtd. Hought. Colled. T. 2. p. 412, feq. fa Moor' J Matthem.
Comp. p. 16. The broken fheets are commonly put together, and two of the worft quires placed on the outfide of the ream, called the out-fide quires ; thus being tied up in wrappers made of the fettlings of the fat, it is fit for fale.
With fome of the aforefaid pulp, is alfo made pafteboard, after the fame manner as paper, only that it is thicker. See Pasteboard.
With a fine fort of this pafteboard, they alfo make play- ing cards. See Cards.
Paper is fold by the ream, every where we think, except in the paper-works of Auvergne, where it is fold by weight, at the rate of 14^ ounces to the pound; each ream according to its kind, being to weigh a certain number of Pounds, prefcribed by authority. — Savar. loc. cit.
Papers are of various kinds.— With regard to colours, they may he divided into white, brown, blue, &c. — With regard to quality into fine, fecond, bajlard, fuperfine, &c. — With regard to ufe, into writing, printing, pr effing, cap, cartridge, copy, chancery, poft, &c- — With regard to dimenfions, into demy, medium, crkvn, fool's-cap, pot, royal, fuper-royal, impe- rial, elephant, atlas, &c. — With regard to country, into Germany, Lombard, Roche/, Genoa, Holland, &c.
French papers are divided into large, middle and Jmati. ■ — To the fmall belong thefe called, petit Romaine, petit Raijin, or Baton royal, petit nam He Jefus, and petit a la- main, all thus denominated from the marks impreffed on them in making. Alfo the Cartler for the backs of play- ing cards; Pot for the figure fide; Couronne, which has commonly the arms of the comptroller general of the fi- nances ; Telliere, with the arms of the late chancellor Tel- liere, and a double T ; and Champy, or a Chajfis la Ser- pente, fo called from its mark, the ferpent, which being extremely fine and thin, is ufed by fan-makers. To the middling fort belong the grand Raifin fimple, Carre finrple, Cavalier, and Lombart, the three laft of which are for printing; I' Ecu or de compte fimple, carre double, YEcu. double, grand Raifin double, and Couronne double, which three laft are denominated double on account of their ftrtfhgth and thicknefs. Add to thefe the Pantalon, or paper with the Dutch arms, and grand comet, fo denominated from the impreffion on it.
To the large, belong the grand Jefus, petite Cff grande fleur~ de-lis, Chapelet, Colombier, grand Aigle, Dauphin, Soleil, and /' Etoile, which are thus called from the figures they bear, being all proper for printing either at the letter-prefs, or rolling-prefs ; alfo for merchants books, and for drawing on. The grand Monde is the largeft of all. — Fid. Savar* D. de Comm. T. 2. p. 965, feq.
We have alfo Printed -Paper, to hang rooms withal. ^-Stamp'd paper, to write obligations, deeds and contracts upon. — Ruled paper for books of accounts, t5V. — To which may be added cut-paper, and gilt-paper for letters, tsV.
Blue Paper, is a fort ufed by tradefmen to wrap up goods 5 as fu gar- loaves, pieces of linen, &c.
Blotting Paper, is paper not fized, and in which therefore ink readily finks or fpreads. It is ufed in books of ac- count, &c. in lieu of fand, to prevent blotting and disfi- guring the oppofite pages. The fame is likewife ufed by apothecaries in filtrating juices and other matters, for which the Manica Hippocratis is- not fo proper.
Teint or Demi-temt Paper, for deligning on, is either brown % blue, or biflerd.
Bifierd Pa per, is white paper warned over with a fpunge dipped in foot-water. Its ufe, is to fave the labour of the crayon in places which are to be fhadowed the fame depth with the teint of this paper. — For light places, they are made thereon with white chalk. — Fid. Corneil. Elem. de la Peint. Prat. c. 15. p. 34, feq.
Marbled? aper, is a fort varioufly ftained, or painted as it were with divers colours ; made by applying a fheet on the furface of a liquor wherein colours diluted with oil or ox's gall are fufpended. See Dy ing.
The manner of making it is thus.— A trough is provided of the fhape and dimenfions of a fheet of the paper to be mar- bled, and about four fingers deep, made of lead or wood well joined, and pitched or primed to contain the liquor. — For the liquor, a quarter of a pouud of gum tragacanth is macerated four or five days in fair water, to which they add ten or twelve quarts of water, till it be of a confif- tency fomewhat thinner than oil ; then they ftrain it into the trough.
The colours to be applied thereon, for blue, are indigo ground up with white lead. — For green, indigo and orpi- ment, the one ground, and the other tempered ; mixed and boiled together with common water. — For yellow, or- piment bruifed and tempered. For red, the fineft lake, ground with rafpings of brafil wood, which has been pre- pared by boiling half a day. Into all thefe colours they put a little ox-gall, which is two or three days old ; and if the colours dilate not of themfelves fufficiently, they add more gall. — On the contrary, if they fpread too much, the gall is over-dofed, and muft be corrected by adding more of the colour without gall.
For the operation of marbling : when the gum is well fet- tled in the trough, they extend a fheet of paper, and plunge it very fhallow into the liquor, fuddenly lifting it out again, in order to ftir up, and raife the fubfiding gum towards the furface, and for the more univerfally impregnating of the liquor. '
This done, and all the colours ranged in gallipots on the table, where alfo the trough is placed, they begin by dip- ping a brufh of hog's hair into any colour, commonly the blue firft, and fprinkle it on the furface of the liquor: If the colour were rightly prepared, it will dilate itfelf duly therein. — This done, the red is applied in the like manner, but with another pencil. — After this the yellow ; laftly the green : for white, it is made by only fprinkling fair water, mixed with ox's gall, over the liquor.
When all the colours are thus floating on the liquor, to give them that agreeable cambleting which we admire in marble paper, they ufe a pointed ftick, which being applied bv drawing it from one fide of the trough to the other with addrefs, ftirs up the liquor and fluctuating colours; then with a comb taken by the head with both hands, they comb the furface of the liquor in the trough from one extreme to another, permitting only the teeth to enter : 1 this
