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and make diftinclions among their Subje&s. See Knight.
There have been five Orders purely Military in England} viz, thofe of Knights of the Garter, Knights Bannerets, Knightsof the Bath, Knights Batchelors, and Knights Ba- ronets. See the Inititution of each under its proper Ar- ticle, Garter, Bath, Baronet, &c.
The French have had five Military Orders, viz. that of the Geneve, inftituted by Charles Martel ; but which foon fell. The Order of the Virgin Mary, fince call'd the Order of the Star, inftiturerl by King JobtiinitfZ. The Orderof St. Michael, inftitutedin 1469, by Lewis IX. The Order of the Holy Spirit, or the blue Ribbon j the Knigh ts of the Holy Spirit are firft: to be Knights of St. Michael, Order of St. Louis, inftituted by Louis XIV. in 169$.
The Princes of the Blood, Marshals of France, Admi- ral, and General, become Knights of St. Louis by their Office.
Religious Military Orders, are thofe inftituted in defence of the Faith, and privileged to fay Mafs 5 and withal pro- hibited Marriage, £*?#.
Of this kind are the Knights of Malta, or of St. John of ^erufalem j fuch al fo were the Knights Templars, the Knights of Calatrava, Knights of St. Lazarus, Teutonic Knights, &c. See each under its proper Article, Malta, Templar,
Father Pmignani accounts thofe Military Orders where Marriage is not allow'd, real Religious Orders. F. Pafebroch fays, it is in vain to fearch for Military Orders before the Xllth Century.
Religious Orders, are Congregations or Societies of Re- ligious, living under the fame Superior, in the fame Manner, and wearing the fame Habit. See Religious and Con- gregation.
Religious Orders may be reduced tofive kinds, viz. Monks, Canons, Knights Mendicants, and Regular Clerks. See each under its proper Article, Monk, Canon, l$c.
Father Mabillon mews, that till thelXth Century, almoft all theMonalteriesin Europe follow'd the Rule ofSt.itewe- diB ; and that the diftin&ion of Orders did not commence till upon the Reunion of feveral Monasteries into one Con- gregation. That S. Odo, Abbot of Cluny, began firft this Re- union, bringing feveral under the Dependence of Cluny : That, a little afterwards, in the Xlth Century, the Camal- dides arofe ; then, by degrees, the Congregation of Valhm- brofa ■} the Cijierctans, Carthufians, Angujitnes ; and at laft, in the Xlllth Century, the Mendicants. He adds, that JLitpus Servants, Abbot of Ferrieres, in the IXth Century, is the firit that feems to diltinguim the Order of St. BenediB from the relt, and tofpeak of it as a particular Order. See Benedictine.
White Order is the Order of Regular Canons of St. Au~ gujiine. See Augustine.
Mack Order, the Order of henediftines, Thefe Names were firft given thefe two Orders from the Colour of their Habit ; but are difufed fince the Inftitution of feveral other Orders, who wear the fame Colours.
Grey Order, the antient Name of the Cifterctans} but fince the change of the Habit, the Name fuits 'era no more. See Cistercians.
Order, in the Geometry of Curves, fee Line and Curve-
ORDINAL, Ordinale, in our Law-Books, a Book containing the Order, or Manner of performing Divine Offi- ces: In quo ordinatttr Modus, &c.
Ordinal, inGrammar, an Epithet given to fuch Num- bers as mark the Order of things, or in what Rank they are placed. See Number.
Thus, Firft, Second, Tenth, Hundredth,^. uctOrdinal Numbers.
ORDINANCE, or Ordonnance, a Law, Statute or Command of a Sovereign, or Superior. See Law, ££c!
Ordinance of Parliament, is ordinarily ufed in the fame Senfe as Statute, or Act of Parliament. See Statute.
In the Parliament Rolls, Acts are often call'd Ordinances of parliament : Tho' in ibme Cafes we find a difference made between the two 5 Ordinances being only temporary things, and capable of being alter'd by the Commons alone 5 whereas an Acl is a perpetual Law, and cannot be alter'd but by King, Lords, and Commons. See Act.
Sir Edward Coke, however, aflcrts, That an Ordinance of Parliament is to be diftinguim'd from an Act, inafmuch as the latter can be only made by the King, and the threefold Confent of the Eftates J whereas the former is ordained with or by two of them.
Ordinance of the Fores'}, is a Statute made in the 34th Year oSHen. 1. relating to Foreft Matters. See Assise 3 .
In the French Jurifprudence, Ordonnances are fuch Laws as are eftabliflied by the King's Authority alone. All Or- donnances begin with a tons Frefens 1$ a venirSalut.
Ordinance, orOitDNANCE, is alfo a general Term
( *72. )
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for all forts of Great Guns, or Cannon, ufed in War. See
Gun and Cannon. c0
The feveral Parts of a Piece of Ordnam, are thus nam'd
Z* ?t »' r , oun l abou " he **»■ « call'd the st'. Perfaes of her Metal. The Subilance, or whole Mafs of Metal ,s call'd her Body. The Part next us, when Z ftands ready to fire, the £««/, or Coyle t, and the Pummel or round Knob at the end of it, the (i/^Jj by fome the Cafcabell-Dock TheTrmmhn, are the two Knobs/ Spindles or Ears which hold the Piece in the Carnage. mL2« or Dolfbmsmihe Ge, TO Guns, are two Handles placed on the Back of the P,ece near the Trunnions, and near the Centre of Gravity, to mount and difmount 'em more eafily. The Rings about it are four : The Bafe-Ri,,, is that which is next below the Touch-hole : The „<£ above he Touch-hole ,s calPd the Reinforced-Ring: The next to that forward, the Trmnion-Ring: The next to that he Corn,ce-Rmg: That at the Mouth, the Mizzle-Sin, r •he Freeze : All the Rings near the Mouth are fomet.mes call d the freezes. As to the internal Parts ; the whole Ca- vity or Bore of the Piece is call'd her Chafe. That partof the Cavity between the Trunnions and the Muzzle or Mouth the -.vacant Cylinder .- The part from the Trunnions to he end of the Cavity or fo much of it as containeth (or is loaded with) the Powder and Shot, is call'd the CbLber. Hie Diameter of the Mouth, the Caltbre. The Space be tween the Shot, and the hollow Superficies of the Piece within, is call'd the Jem-, being the difference between
Piece ° f the Mouth of the
Ordnance in England is diftingui/h'd into two kinds, w* Reld-Pzeces^hich are from the fmalleftto twelve Pounders - and Cannon of Battery, which are from a Culverin to a whole Cannon.
■ Ea £ h r of thefe Divifions is again fubdivided ; the firft into Bafe, Rabinet, Falconet, Falcon, Minion ordinary, Minion largeft, Saker leaft, Saket ordinary, Demi-culverin leaft , and Demi-culverin ordinary. The fecond into Cul- verin leaft Culverin ordinary, Culverin largeft, Demi-can non leaft, Demi-cannon ordinary, Demi-cannon large, and Royal whole Cannon. ° '
The Lengths a«dWe,ghts of each -whereof, a, alfo the WeMts of the Bullet, they carry ; fee exfrefs'd m a particular Table under the Article Cannon. See alfo each Piece under its proper Head, Cannon, Demzcannon, Culverin Sa
KER, ISC. *
The Strength and Serviceablenefs of a Piece of Ordnance
depends very much on the thicknefs of the Metal efneci ally about its Chamber and Breech, which is call'd is Fortification.
Of this there are three Degrees both for Cannons and Culvenns : Such as are ordinarily fortify'd, are call'd Le gmmate Pieces. Thofe whofe Fortification is leffen'd are call d Bajlard Pieces. Thofe doubly-fortify'd, are call'd Extraordinary Pieces. The Fortification of a Gun is rec koned from the thicknefs of the Metal at the Touch hole at the Trunnions, and at the Muzzle, in proportion to the' Diameter of the Bore. The doubly-fortify'd Pieces are I full Diameter of the Bore in thicknefs at the Touch-hole || of it at the Trunnions, and ,\ at the Muzzle • The leffen'd Cannons have but |, or \\ of the Diameter of their Bore, in thicknefs at the Touch-hole, T \ at the Trunnions and ,V at the Muzzle. All the double-fortify'd Culverins' and all the leffer Pieces of that kind, have a Diameter and i at the Touch-hole, Vi at the Trunnions, and -', »t the Muzzle. And the ordinary fortify'd Culverins are every way as the double-fortify'd Cannon ; and the leffen'd Culvenns as the ordinary Cannon, in all refpects. The or dinary-fortify'd Cannons have J at the Touch-hole | at the Trunnions, and | at the Muzzle.
Ordinance, in Painting, feeORDONNANCE
ORDINARI, fomething that happens, or paffes fre- quently, uiually. See Extraordinary
Thus we fay the Ordinary Courfe of Things : What- ever is done without Miracles, is done by ordinary Agents
Ef-lWor or Envoy in Ordinary, he who is fent to refide ftatedly, and for a number of Tears, in the Court of fome Prince or State, to keep up a good Underftanding, and fee to the Interefts of his Nation. See Embassador Envoy, Residfnt, (gc. »«««,
Ordinary is alfo apply'd to feveral Officers and Ser- Oc , cafio e ns nSmg HoufhoId . who "tend on common
Thus we fay, Phyfician in Ordinary, Sic.
Ordinary in the Civil Law, is any Judge veiled with Authority to take cognizance of Caufes, in his own Ri«ht as he is aMagiftrate ; and not by Depuration. See JudIe '
Ordinary, m Common and Canon Law, is the Billion of the Diocefe ; or he who has Ordinary Eccleliaftical Tu- rifdiaion within that Territory ; and the Collation to Bene fices therein. See Bishop, Court, EccL E siAST 1C At, Cffc.
There
