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Advice. Jagujltts advanced them to be public Offices of the Empire 5 fo that they were no longer confined tu the petty Counfels of private Perfons. Bern. Rectiliut has written the Lives of the moll famous junJ'-CoiiJuin who have lived within thefe aooo Years.
JURISDICTION is a Power or Authority which a Man hath to do jullice in cafes of Complaint made before him. There are two kinds of JurijdtBion, the one EccLefiallical, the other Secular. Secular, belongs to the King and his Delegates : Ecclefialh'cal to Bifliops and their Deputies. Bifhops, ££?c. have two kinds of JurifdiSiott, the one Inter- nal, which is cxercifed over the Confcicnce in things purely Spiritual ; and this they are fuppofed to hold im- mediately of God: The other is a Privilege which, fome Princes have given them of terminating Difputcs between Ecclefiafticsand Laymen.
JURIS-PRUDENCE, the Knowledge of what is juft andinjuft, or of the Laws, Rights, Cufloms, Statutes l$c neceffary for the doing of Jullice. Cml Jurif-Pmkmx is that ot the Roman Law,. Canonical that of the Canon Law, Feudal that of Fees.
JUROR, in a legal fenfe, is one of thofe twenty-four or twelve Men, who are fworn to deliver Truth upon fuch Evidence as/hall be given them touching any matter in queftion. The Punifhment of Petty Jurors attainted of giving a Verdict contrary to Evidence, willingly, is very fevere. See Attaint.
JURY,, in Common Law fignifies either Twenty-four or Twelve Men fworn to enquire of the Matter of Fatly and declare the Truth upon fuch Evidence, as (hall be deli- vered them touching the Matter in queiiion. The Stay is to.
j h °[ cn out of the fame Clafs or Rank with the Accufed, and if he be a Foreigner, he may demand a Jury half Fo- reigners and half Engliftmen. There are ordinarily Thirty- fix impanncl'd, whereof in Criminal Cafes the Perfon accu- led has the Liberty to challenge or fet afide Twenty-four and to pick out Twelve at his plcafure. Thefe Twelve are pielent at the Trial, after which they withdraw into 1 Cham- ber by themfelves, where they are to be (hut up without FireorCandle,Viaualsor Drink, till fuch time astttey agree-
f'i and again, as oft as being in conjunction with the Sun, they project their Shadows to Jupiter, they make an Eclipfc of the Sun to an Eye placed in that part of Jufi- ter where the Shadow falls. But in regard the Orbits of thefe Satellites are in a Plane which is inclined to, or makes an Angle with the Plane of Jupiter's Orbit, their Eclipfcs become central when the Sun is in one of the >Jodes of thefe Satellites ; and when out of this Pofition, •he Eclipfcs may be total, tho not central,, becaufe the Breadth ot Jupiter's Shadow is nearly decuple to that of the Breadth of any of the Satellites; and the apparent Diameter of any of thefe Moons is nearly quintuple the apparent Diameter of the Sun. 'Tis owing to this re- markable Inequality of Diameters, and the fmall Incli- nation the Plane of the Orbits of thefe Satellites has to
- he Plane of Jupiter's Orbit, that in each Revolution there
happen Eclipfes both of the Satellites and of the Sun : tho the Sun be at a considerable dillance from, the Nodes. Eurfher r the inferior among thefe Satellites, even when the Sun is at its greatell dillance from the Nodes, will occa- sionally edipfe and be eclipfed by the Sun to an Inhabitant of Jupiter j tho the rcmoteil of them, in this cafe, elcapes falling into Jupiter's Shadow, and Jupiter into his, for two lears together. To this it may be added, that one of thefe Satellites fometimes eclipfes another, where the Phalis muft be different, nay frequently oppofite to that of the Satellite falling into the Shadow of Jupiter juft mention'd ; for in this, the Eallern Limb immergeth firll, and the Weftern immergefh lall : but in the others 'tis juft the Reverfe.
The Shadow of Jupiter, tho it reaches far beyond its Satellites, yet falls ftiort of any other Planet ; nor could any other Planet, Saturn alone excepted, be immerged in it, even tho it were infinite. Indeed, Jupiter's Shadow eould not reach Saturn, unlefs Jupiter's Diameter were half that of the Sun ; whereas, in effect, 'tis not one ninth of it.
The Courfcs of Jupiter's Satellites, and their -various Eclipfcs, would render Navigation very fure and eafy on the Globe of Jupiter. Even we, at' this dillance, can make very good, ul'e of them ; thofe Eclipfes being found
one of our belt means for determining the Longitude at Sea. in their Verdict", 'anldeclare unanimoufly that the Dcfe F0^ ,*!_^TJ : ^lfii U : 1 ^ n S^ h . em V^.•/ ee ? , *«■ . dar.'isdfh" Guilty of the Charge laid againft him
Among the Alchymitls, Jupiter fignifies the Philofo. phers Stone. The Gentlemen ot this Profeffion apply every thing to their Art which the Fable mentions of the God Jupiter ; pretending the Fables are to be underflood in a figurative Senfc : for inflance, Jupiter is the Mailer of the Gods, and Gold, fay they,, is the moll precious of Metals. Mercury is the Ambaffadoc of Jupiter ; and; this fhows with how much eafe Mercury infinuates into every thing. Jupiter holds the Thunderbolt as his Scepter ; which e- ■vidently points out the external Sulphur ufed in Projection. Jupiter has the Heavens for his ordinary Habitation ; this /hews the volatile, dry, and hot. The Debauches of Jupiter, who fought for Pleafure in the low r but prolific and fruitful Earth, difcover, fay they, its Fecundity 5 and that Gold might be formed, were the way of preparing it difcover'd. In a word, Jupiter is the Son of Saturn -which fhews fome Refemblance between the Qualities of Gold and Lead.
JURATS are in the nature of Aldermen, for govern- ment of their feveral Corporations: as the.' Mayor and Jurats jof Maidfione, Rye, Winchelfea, &c. So Jerfey hath
N ot Guilty. Upon which, the Judge paffes the Sentence prekribed by the Law. In England there are three forts ot Trials, -viz. One by Parliament, another by Battle and a third by Affize or Jury. The Trial by Affize (be the Action Civil or Criminal, Public or Private Perfonal or Real) is referred for the Fact to a Jury, and as they find it, io paffeth the Judgment. This Jury is not only ufed in Circuits of Juflices Errant, but alfo in other Courts, and Matters of Office: But tho' it appertains to moft Courts of the Common Law, yet is it moft remarkable in- theHalf-Year Courts of the Juftices Errant, commonly call Id the Great Affo.es, and in the Quarter-Seffions ; and in them it is moll ordinarily called a Jury, and that in a Uvil Caule : whereas in other Courts, it is ufually called anlnquefl, and in the Court-Baron a Jury of theHoma«e In the General Affize there are ufually many Juries be- caufe there are a great many Caufcs, both Civil and' Cri- minal, commonly to be tried ; whereof one is called the Grand Jury, and the reft the Tent Juries ; of which, is leems, there fhould be one m, every Hundred.
The Grand Jury confiits of Twenty-four Grave and Rnh-
- Bailiff and twelve Jurats, or fworn Affiftants, to govern ftamial Gentlemen, or fome of the better fort of Yeomen
chofen indifferently by the Sheriff out of the whole
JURIS-CONSULTUS, among the Romans, was a Perfon learned in the Law, a Matter of Jurisprudence, and who was confulted on the Interpretation of Laws and Cultoms^and on the difficult Points in Law-Suits. The fif- teen Booksof the Digeftvjere compiled whollyfrom the An- fwers or Reports of the antient Jurif-Confuhi. Trihonianus in deflroying the two thoufand Volumes whence the Code and D'tgeji were taken, has deprived the Publk of a world of things which would have given 'em light into the Of- fice of the antient Jivrif-Coyifulu. We fhould fcarce have lenown any thing beyond their bare Names, had not Torn- fan'ms, who lived in the fecond Century,, taken care to pre- ferve fome Circumstances of their Office. The Roma?t Jurif-Confulti feem to have been the fame with our Cham- ber Counfellors, who arrived at the Honour of being con- fulted, through Age and Experience, but never pleaded
- t the Bar. Their pleading Advocates or Lawyers never
became Jttrif-Confulti. In the Times of the Common-
Preferments. They thendefpHed ,L W^Sg *£&£%3^£££$£™JS
them in denfion lormulan, and l«jfe as having invented Condemnation ; or otherwife is acquitted and fo free
certamforms, and certain Monofyllablesjn order to give Thofe that pafs upon Civil Caufes^Real \" all „r £
their Anfwers.the greater appearance of Gravity and My- many, as can conveniently be had'of the fame HundeeT
1 fl y ' 'f\ T I 1 ™ 66 "SS P ^ beClme J f0 much whe "= the L ™ d °* Tenement in que lion doth be b c Tn» efleemd that they were call d Truientes and Sapientes, four at leaf! ; and they, upon due Examina, on ir\Zl .nd the Emperors appointed their Judges to follow their their Verdict either fot f ihe^ema'dfnt 0™ Snt g
jURT-
Shire, to confider of all Bills of Indictment prefer'd to the Court } which they do either approve, by writing upon them Him ; or elfe difallow, by indorfing Ignoramus. Such as they do approve, if they touch Life and Death, are farther refer'd to another Jury, to be confider'd of becaufe the Cafe is of much importance ; but others of lighter moment are, upon their allowance, without more work, fined by the Bench : except the Party traverfe the Indictment, or challenge it for Inefficiency, or remove the Caule to a higher Court by Certiorari ; in which two. former Cafes it is refer'd to another Jury, and in the lat- ter, tranfmitted to a higher. And prefently upon the al- lowance of this Bill, by the Grand Inqueft, a Man is faid to be indicted : Such as they difallow, are delivered to the Bench, by whom they are forthwith cancelled or torn. The Tent Jury confifls of Twelve Men at the leafl and- are impannel'd as well upon Criminal as upon Civil Cau- fes: Thofe that pafs upon Offences of Life and Death
An hciiif, in film!.. ^roi-JT.Cl „'-l /"". "l -» t — *
