T I N
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T I N
'The Drofs or Scoria fcumm'd off the 'Tin in Fufion, being melted, down with frelh. Ore, runs into Metal ; and even the Caufalty, i. e. the Matter walh'd and feparated from the Metal in the Mill, being thrown up in Heaps, after refting Six or Seven Years, they fetch it over again, and it yields as good Tin as any of that of Germany.
The Workmen dillinguilh feveral Kinds of Tin ; as Moor-Tin, which is the bed Sort, a Fool whereof, weighs 80 Pounds ; and Mine-Tin, which is the next, a Fool thereof weighing about 52 or 50 Pounds. The Tin got from thefoft, gravelly Earth, they call Try an Tin, to diflinguifh it from that got from the Stones, which is better by aimoft Half.
Two Pounds of black Tin-, when melted, yield about one of White.
There is a Curiofity in thefe Cbmijh Mines, which the Lover of Natural Hi llory will be pleas'd to hear; and 'tis this: That in digging, at the Depth of 40 or 50 Fathoms, they frequently meet with large Trees, Hill entire. See Sub-
TERK ANEOUS.
Chilirty, in his Natural Hiflory, goes back as far as the Deluge to place them there ; but without having recourfe to fo great Antiquity, they who believe that the Mines, when exhausted of their Ore 0/ Mineral Matter, renew and fill again in courfe of Time, will foon folve the Difficulty, by fuppofing, that in the firft Working of thefe Mines, rhele Trees had been let down to ferve as Props and Pillars. See Deluce.
But there are other People will think this Renewal of the Mines itfelt a Difficulty as great as the former. However, ■what the former Author adds, viz. that in fome Places in the Mines, they likewife find Pick-axes, gfo with wooden Shafts, as alfo brafs Nails, and even a Medal of Tioniilian, feems to countenance the Opinion. See Mine.
The Chymills call Tin, Jupiter : But from what Analogy between the Metal and the Planet, we leave them to explain. See Jupiter.
By the Analyfes made of this Metal, they hold it com- pounded of Earth, Sulphur, a metallic Salt, and Mercury.
The chief chymical Preparations from I'm, are Salt of Tt&, Flower of Tin, and Diaphoretic of Tin.
Sail of Tin, or of Jupiter, is Tin calcined ; and diltill'd Vinegar pour'd thereon ; from which, by means of Fire, and then of a cool Place wherein 'tis put, a very white Salt is drawn. See Salt.
Flower of Tin, is a kind of white Cofmetic, or Paint, for the Complexion ; drawn with Sal Ammoniac, by means ot Sublimation. See Flower.
Tfiaphoretic of Tin, is fine Tin, and Regulus of Antimony melted, firfl together, and then both with Salt-petre. Whence, after various Lotions, is drawn a Powder, held to be fove- raign againlt various Difeafes.
Cernfs of Tin, is a white Powder, procured from Tin, whereof a Fucus is made, call'd Spanifh White.
This Cerufs is not made with Vinegar, as that of Lead is; but with the Urine of a young Perfon: The Powder is alfo ufed to colour Delft Ware.
Calx of Tin, is what we properly call Bezoardicum Joviale. See Bezoardicum.
Tin of Glafs, is what we properly call Bifmutfr. See Bismuth.
For the ufe of Tin in the Compfition of Tewter ; fee Pewter.
Method of AJfaying Tin.
To find whether Tin be foft and ductile, or harfh and brittle ; there are two Kinds of Affays; the Firfl, is by put- ting the Tin in a hot, brafs Mould, and there melting it. If the Metal be harfh, it will betaken out heavier than before ; otherwife it will be lighter. The Second, is by calling the melted 'Tin into a little Mould, made of the Thunder-Hone. This Mould has a little Canal of moderate Length, which conducts the Matter into a Cavity, capable of containing half a Billiard Ball : If the Tin be harm, it appears whitilh towards the Entry of the Mould, otherwife 'tis tinged fuper- ficially with a very faint, bluilh Brown.
TINCTURE or Bffence, in Pharmacy and Chymiftry, a Separation of the finer and more volatile Parts of a mixt Body, made by means of a proper Menilruum difTolving the fame. See Menstruum and Dissolution.
Tincture is particularly applied to the Extraction, or Separation of a Colour from a mixt, and the Impreffion it makes in a Liquor, or Menilruum which takes away a Part of its purell Subllance, and by that means becomes a fharer in its Colour, Virtues, gjfc.
Thus in Pharmacy, we have Cephalic TinBures, Antilcor- butic TinBures, Stomachic Tinctures, Anticholic TinBures, Invigorating TinBures, l£c.
Tin&ttres are drawn from Roles, from Corals, £?<?. See Extraction.
To make a TinBure, the Matter is ufually bruifed, put in a Matrafs, and the Menilruum, which commonly is
Spirit of Wine, poured on it, to the Height of 4 two dr tW Fingers above it. Then the Glafs is clofed, and fet forDigefti- on, in a Sand Heat during four or five Hours, till the Spirit is well impregnated, and has received a high Colour, See Digestion.
Thus are TinBures of odoriferous Vegetables, as Cinnamon, C5?c. drawn ; and the fame Menilruum ferves for thofe of Metals and Minerals.
The TinBures of Metals, fo much talk'd of by the Chymills and Akhymills, are not proper TinBures ; they are only Diflblutions, wherein the Metal is divided and atte- nuated to a greater Degree, than it is in its natural and ordinary DifTolvent.
If the TinBure were irreducible ; that is, if the Metal were diflblv'd to fucha Degree, as thatitcould not be brought hack again into Metal ; or, which comes to the fame, if the Principles which conrpofe it were difunited, it would be what the Chymifls have lo long and fo earneilly wifli d tor, and fought with fuch infinitcPains, efpecially with regard to Gold ; the IrreduBible TinBure whereof, is what fhould be call'd AurumTotabile. See Gold.
But no fuch TinBure has evet yet been difcover'd : The 1 Potable Gold in ufe among us, being only Gold extreamly divided ; and the Cafe is the fame with the Tintlures of other Metals. See Metal and Mineral.
The Intention of metalline Ti?icJures, is to ratify and extend the Sulphur of the Metal as much as pollible ; and fo render the fix'd and earthy Parts, as f ubtle and volatile as may be : If they are defigned to be of Ule in Medicine, fome harmless and agreeable Intermedium is to be ufed. See Steel.
The Akhymills give the Name 0$ Grand Mineral TinBure to the Philosophers Stone ; from an Opinion, that all which is required to that Operation, is to give the Colour or TinBure of Gold to fix'd Mercury. SeePniLosoFHERs Stone*
Marble, Alaballer and Bones, receive -JivBures from Lixi- viums, and fharp Juices ; and Mr. Beyle thinks there is reafon to hope the fame may be done oT precious Stones ; Rock Cryllal, 'tis certain, is tinged by Subterraneous Juices ; fo is! Saphyr itfelf. See Stone.
In the Memoirs of the French Academy, mention is made of certain Liquors, e.gr. Salts drawn from Wheat, which will extract Ti?iBures, even out of fome precious Stones. 'Tis added, they are the more capable of producing this Effect, as they give a greater Degree of Rednefs to the Solution of Vitriol.
Tincture is alio applied by the Heralds, to the Colours in "an Efcutcheon, or Coat of Arms ; under which may be likewife reduced the two Metals, Or and Argtnt, becaufe often reprefentedby Yellow and White. See Colour and Metal.
TINEA, in Medicine, a Difeafe call'd by the Arabia Writers Sahafati, and in Engiip ufually afcalld Head.
The Tinea is a Dilealeof the Leprous Kind: Authors ufually reckon three Species of it, viz. a dry, moifl, and lupinous ; which, in reality, are only 16 many Degrees of the fame Difeafe, See Lepra.
Turner defines it an Ulcer ariling in the Heads of Chil- dren, from a vicious, corrofive, or ialine Humour, which preying on the Cutaneous Glands, in Time deflroys their Texture.
In the firft Stage it is cover'd with white, dry, fcurfy, or frruammous Matter: In the fecond the fubjacent Flelh ap- pears granulated : And in the third it is ulcerous.
It has its Name Tinea, Moth, from the Similitude of the Holes eat by that Intect on Paper, &c.
The internal Remedies proper lor the Tinea, are Mercuri- als, proper Cathartics, and Dietetics, or Edulcorants ; and ibraetimes a Salivation, efpecially by Unction, has been effi- cacious, after all other Methods have prov'd vain. The Ex- ternals are Fomentations made of Roots of Oxylapathum, Birthwort, Horfe-Radijh, Wormwood, &c. boil'd in Water and llrain'd ; to which are added, Spirits of Wine campho- rated, S& Liniments of Hogs Lard, white Precipitate Mer- curial Ointments, with powder'd Brimllone ; and fomerimes Powder of Roman and white Vitriol, red Precipitate, &c
TIN-Glafs, a mineral Matter, white, ftnooth, and, as to Appearance, refembling Tin; but hard, fharp, brittle and difpos'd into mining Scales, as it were Pieces of Glafs, whence its Name. See Mineral.
Tin-Glafs is the fame with what we otherwife call BifmuW. See Bismuth.
TINNING, the covering or lining any thing with melt- ed Tin, or with Tin redue'd to a very fine Leaf.
Looking GlafTes are foliated or tinn'd with thin Tables of beaten Tin, the whole Bignefs of the Glafs; apply'd and failen'd thereto by means of Quickfilver. See Foliating and Looking-G/<j/S. _, . , ,
Kettles, Saucepans, and other Kitchen Utenfils, are win d with melted Tin ; and Locks, Bits, Spurs, &c. with Leaf Tin by Help of Fire. . -
The Plumbers ufe to tin or whiten their Sheets of Lead 5
in order to which they have a tinning Furnace, fiU'd with
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