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legem. — Where, Noie, that this was not an Introduction of a new Law, but a Confirmation of the Old, made in the Reign of King Alfred.
TWINS. Sec Gemini, Didymi, &c.
It has been greatly dilputed, which of two Tivins is to he efreem'd the Elder. — The Faculty of Montp'eUier have given it, that the latter borne is to be reputed the Elder j becaufe fir ft conceived : But by all the Laws which now obtain, the firft-born enjoys the Privileges of Seniority ; and the Cuftom is confirmed by the Inftance of Ffau and. Jacob.
But if two Tiptns be born fo intermix'd, that one can- not dittinguifh which of the Two appeared the firtt ; it fhould leem that neither the one nor the other can pretend to the Right of Primogeniture, which ought to remain in Sulpence, by rcafon of their mutual Concourfe.
In Koch Cafe, fome would have the Decifion left to the Father, and others to the Hazard of a Lor. Sometimes there are born Three Twins, as in the Inftanccs of J/oratii and Curiam $ and ibmctimes there have been known Four, or even Five or more. SeeFoET-us, Embryo, &c.
TWIST of a Rope, Cord, l£c. See Rope, Cordage, Cable, &c.
Twist, is alfo ufed in Architecture, for aPiece of Timber, otherwile called a Girder. See Girder.
Twist, again, is ufed for the Infide, or flat Part of a Man's Thigh, upon which a true Horleman retts when on Horfe- back. See Thigh*
To Twist a Horfe, is violently to wring or pmfl his Tefticles twice about, which caufes them to dry up, and deprives them of Nourifhrnent, and reduces the Horfe to the fame State of Impotency with a Gelding, See Geld-
1 TWISTING of Silk, &c. fee Silk, &c
TYCHONICK Syftem, or Hypothecs, is an Order or Ar- rangement of the heavenly Bodies, of an intermediate Na- ture between the Copernican and l Ptolomaic, or participating alike of them both. See System.
It takes irs Name from Tycbo 'Brahe, a noble e Da?te ; of whom fome Account is hereafter given, under the Article Uranisiiour.g.
In this Syflem, the Earth is, with Ttclomy, placed in the Middle, and fuppos'd immoveable ; and the Sun and Moon to revolve in Orbits, reflecting the fame as a Centre : But the other five Planets are fuppos'd, with Copernicus, to re- volve round the Sun as their Centre. — So that the Orbits of the three fupcrior Planets include the Earth, but not thofe of the inferior ones ; by reafon they are nearer to the Sun than the Earth is.
Accordingly, the Heavens are here fuppos'd to be fluid ; and to confift of three different Orbs or Spheres $ the firlf. moveable, fuppos'd to make a Revolution in 24 Houfs j the fecond the Sphere of the Planets 5 and the third the Firma- ment, or Region of fix'd Stars.
See the T)ifj-ofuion of the heavenly Bodies in this Syfiem t reprefenfed in Plate Apcvmny, Fig. 45.
Some later Affronomers finding the Ptolemaic Syflem dis- agree with the Phenomena 5 and not daring to make the Earth move ; but at the fame time difliking the TycfaofflC Notion of two Centres, one of them moveable, viz. the Sun ; and the other fix'd, the Earth 5 have fram'd a new Syllem out of the Ptolonzaic and Tychonic, call'd the Semi* Tychonic ; wherein, not only the Sun and Moon, but Jupiter alfo, and Saturn, are fuppos'd to move in Excentrics or De- ferents, refpe&ing the Earth as a Centre, tho' revolvent at the fame time in their rdjbeftive Epicycles. — But even here, the inferior Planets are ftfll fuppos'd to move round the Sun as their Centre ; their Phafes, obferv'd with the Telefcope, being no otherwise accountable for. -
TYLE or Tile, in Building, a fort of thin factitious Stone, uled in the Roofs, i§c, of Houies 5 or, more properly, it is a kind ot fat, clayey Earth, knodden and moulded of" a jull Thicknels, dried and burnt in a Kiln, like a Brick, and ufed in the Covering of Houies. Sec Brick and Covering.
U is thus called from the Trench, Tittle, of the Latin,
Tyles are made*, fays M. Zeyboum, of better Earth than Brick-earth, and Something nearer akin to the Potter's Earth.
According to Stat. 17 £tfw. IV. the Earth for Tyles
fhould be ca'ft up before the full of November, fhired and turned before the firft of February, and not made into Tyles before the firft of March ; And mould lifcewife be tried and fever'd from Stones, Marie and Chalk.
for the Method of Burning them, fee Brick.
As to the applying of Tyles ; fome lay them dry, as they come from the "Kiln, without Mortar or any thing elfe; Others lay them in a kind of Mortar made of Loam and Hr.rfe-dung.— In fame Parts, as in Kent, they lay them in Mofs
There are various Kinds of Tyles, for the various Occa- sions of Building • as Plain, STtosfe, fiWi R°°J. Oceafe,
Gutter, Tan, Crtoked, Flemifh, Corner, Hip, Tiorman, T)ormat Scallop, jffrag&l, Traverfe, Tavhg and 'Dutch Tyles.
Plain or rhack Tyles, are thole in ordinary Ufe for the Covering of Houfes. They are fqueez'd flat, while yet fofr, in a Mould. — They are of ait oblong Figure, and by Stat. j 7 ° Edw lV.are to be m ', Inches long ; 6 I broad, and Half an Inch and Half a Quarter thick. But theie Dimenfioha are not over-ttricrfy kept to.
Ridge, Roof or Creafe Tyles, are thofe ufed to cover the Ridges of Houfes ; being made circular breadth-wife, like a half Cylinder. — Theie are what THny calls Laterculi 5 and are, by Statute, to be j 3 Inches long, and of the fame Tbicknefii with the Plain Tyles.
Hip at Corner Tyles, are thofe which lie ontheHips orCor- ners of Roofs. — As to Form ; they are firfl made fiat, like Plain Tyles, but of a Quadrangular Figure, whofc two Sides are right Lines, and two Ends, Arches of Circles, one End being a little Concave and the other Convex ; the convex End to be about Seven times as broad as the concave End; fb that they would be Triangular, but that one Corner is taken off: Then, before they arc burnt, they are bent on [a Mould, breadthwife, like Rie'ge Tyles. — They have a Hole at their narrow End, to nail them on by ; and are laid with their narrow End upwards. By Stature, they are to be 10 \ Inches long, and of a convenient Breadth and Thick- nefs.
Gutter 'Tyles, are thofe which lie in Gutters or Valleys in Crofs-buildings. — They are made like Comer Tyles, only the Corners of the broad End are turned back again with two Wings. — They have no Holes in them, but are laid broad. End upwards, without any nailing. — They are made in the fame Mould as Corner Tries, and have the fame Dimensions on the convex Side. Their Wings are each 4 Inches broad and 8 long-
Tan, Crooked, or Flemip Tyles, are ufed in covering of Sheds, Lean to's, and all kinds of flat-roofed Buildings. — They are in Form of an oblong Parallelogram, as plain Tyles $ but are bent breadth-wife forwards and*"back wards, in Form of an S, only one cf the Arches is at leaft three Times as big as the other j which biggeft Arch is always laid uppermoft"; and the lefler Arch of another Tyle lyes over the Edge of the great Arch of the former. — They have no Holes for Pins, but hang on the Laths by a Knot of their own Earth : They are ufually 14 ' Inches long, and 10 i broad.
Dormar, or T)6rman Tyles, confift of a plain Tyle, and a triangular Piece of a plain Tyle, {landing up at right Angles to one Side of a plain Tyle, and fwept with an " Arch of a Circle from the other End, which End terminates in a Point.
— Of thefe Tyles there are two Kinds ; the triangular Piece, in fome, Handing on the right, in others on the left Side of the plain Tyle. — And of each of thefe, again, there arc two Kinds ; feme having a whole plain Tyle, others but half a plain Tyle, But in them all, the plain Tyle has two Holes for the Pins, at that End where the bread End of the triangu- lar Piece ftands.
Their Ufe is to be laid in the Gutters, betwixt the Roof and the Cheeks or Sides of the Dormars, the plain Part Iyin<* on the Roof, and the triangular Part Handing perpendicularly by the Cheek of the Dormar. — They are excellent to keep out the Wet in thofe Places, and yet are not perhaps known any where but in Sujfex. — The Dimenfions of the plain Tyle Part are the fame as thofe of a plain Tyle, and the tri- angular Part is of the fame Length, and its Breadth at one End 7 Inches, and at the other nothing.
Scallop or Afiragal Tyles, are in all refpefls like plain Tyles, only their lower Ends are in Form of an Aftragal, via t a Semicircle, with a Square on each Side. — They are us'd in fome Places for Weather Tylivg.
_ Travers Tyles, are a kind of irregular plain Tyles, having the Pin-holes broke out, or one of the lower Corners broke off.
— Thefe are laid with the broken End upwards, upon Rafters, where pinn'd Tyles cannot hang.
Flemip or 'Butch Tyles, are of two Kinds, ancient and modern. — The firft were ufed for Chimney-foot Foot-paces : They were painted with antick Figures, and frequently with Pollutes of Soldiers, fome with Compartments, and fomc- times with Morefque Devices - 7 but came much fliort,both as to the Defign and Colours of the modern ones.
The modern Fiemtlh Tyles are commonly u^d, plaifJer'd up in the Jaumbs of Chimneys, inftead of Chimney-Corner- ftones. — Thefe are better glaz*3; and fuch as are painted (for fome are only white) much better perform 'd than the ancient ones.
But both Kinds feem to be made of the fame whitifli Clay as our white glazed Earthen Ware. — The ancient ones are five Inches three Quarters fquare, and about three Quar- ters of an Inch thick : The modern ones fix Inches and half fquare, and three Quarters of an Inch thick.
TYLERY. SeeTuiLERiE.
TYLWITH, in Matters of Heraldry and Defcent, is fomctimes ufed for a Tribe or Family branching out of ano- ther ;
