A KM AND whether physical or mental. Pliny, xxxv. 40 [138J; Brunn, ii. 53. ARMAND - DUMARESQ, CHARLES EDOUARD, born in Paris, Jan. 1, 1826. Genre painter, especially of military scenes ; pupil of T. Couture. In 1854 he accom- panied the French troops to Algiers and Italy, to paint battle scenes and camp life. Medal : 3d class, 1861, 1863 ; Order of St. Maurice, 1859 ; L. of Honour, 1867 ; Offi- cer, 1881. Works: Christ (1850), Church of Dole ; St. Bernard preaching a Crusade (1852) ; Martyrdom of St. Peter (1853), Cathedral of Caen ; Attributes of the Arts and Sciences, Death of General Kirgener, Second Zouaves in Ambush (1855) ; Capture of the Great Redoubt in the Battle of Mos- kowa (1857) ; Death of General Bizot (1859), Versailles Museum ; Battle of Solferino (1859) ; Charge of Devaux's Division (1862); Prince Imperial taking a Walk, Vive 1'Empereur (1864) ; Colour Guard, Chaplain of the Regi- ment, Battle of Solferino, Passage of the Adda (1865); Charge of Cuirassiers at Eylau, Chasseurs on Foot, Carrying off the Wounded (1866); Charge of Cuirassiers (1867); Return from Elba (1868) ; Day before Austerlitz, Day before Solferino (1869); Defence of St. Quentin (1872) ; Signing the Declaration of American Independence (1873) ; Council of War, The Spy (1874) ; Surrender of York- town, a Prussian Uhlan (1875) ; Battle of Saratoga (1879) ; Prince of Wales reviewing the Grenadiers in 1777 (1880) ; Battle of Bapaume, Each in his Turn (1883); Lecture de TAunuaire de la Cavalerie (1884). La- rousse ; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 260 ; Bel- lier. ARMENINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, born at Faenza in 1540, died there, May 13, 1609. Roman school ; went when fifteen years old to Rome, where he was allied with Taddeo Zuccaro, and copied Michelangelo's Last Judgment. From 1557 he wandered for nine years through Italian cities, mostly working for, or cooperating with other ar- tists, and finally became a priest. He wrote a book on the theory of painting, which, as ! late as the last century, was valued in Italy and Germany. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 261; Gualandi, Mem., ii. 78, 192. ARMIDA. See Einaldo. ARMITAGE, EDWARD, born in Lon- don, May 20, 1817. History painter ; pupil in Paris (1836) of Paul Delaroche, whom he assisted in painting the Hemicycle in the Paris Ecole des Beaux Arts. In 1840 he sent Prometheus Bound to the Paris Salon, and in 1843 he was awarded a prize of 300 at the Westminster Hall Exhibition, for his cartoon of the Landing of Caesar in Britain. His cartoon, The Spirit of Religion, gained a prize of 200 in 1845, and his Battle of Meanee (Sindh), a prize of 500 in 1847. The latter was purchased by the Queen. In 1852 he painted the fresco of the Thames, and in 1854 that of the Death of Marmion in the Parliament House. Having studied two years, 1849-51, in Rome, he visited the Crimea during the Russian war, and made important studies from which he painted Balaklava and the Guards at Inkerman. Elected A. R A. in 1867, R. A. in 1872 ; ap- pointed professor and lecturer on painting at Royal Academy at 1875. His lectures were published in the United States in 1883. Works: Death of Nelson, Henry VIIL and Catherine Parr (1848) ; Vision of Ezekiel (1850) ; Samson (1851) ; City of Refuge (1853) ; Lotus Eater (1854) ; Ravine at Inkerman (1856) ; Souvenir of Scutari (1857) ; Retribution (1858) ; St. Francis be- fore Innocent HI. (1859), Christ and the Twelve Apostles (1860), Catholic Church at Islington ; Pharaoh's Daughter (1861) ; Burial of a Martyr in Time of Nero (1863) ; Ahab and Jezebel (1864) ; Esther's Banquet (1865) ; Remorse of Judas (1866) ; Feast of Herod (1868) ; Gethsemaue (1870), National Gallery ; Simplex Munditiis (1873) ; Julian the Apostate (1875) ; Phryne, the Hymn of the Last Supper (1876) ; Serf Emancipation (1877); Pygmalion and Galatea (1878); Charity, Samson and the Lion (1881) ; St. Francis and St. Dominic at Rome, One of Raphael's Models, Sea Urchins (1882). Art
