CASSANDRA September Afternoon (1874); Trout Brook (1875) ; Autumn (1870) ; Scene in New Hampshire (1877) ; View on Sbemung liiver (1878) ; View of the Rocky Mount- ains (1881); Scene on Long Island (1883); Catskill Twilight. CASSANDRA, ancient picture. See Polyy- nolus, Theodora*. CASSIOLI, AMOS, born in Siena, Italy, in 1838. History painter, pupil of L. Mus- siui ; won at Florence, iu 18G8, first prize in historical painting, for his picture of Lorenzo de' Medici showing his Art Collection to Galeazzo Sforza. Professor at Florence Academy. Works : Battle of Legnano, Florence Gallery ; Bianca Capello ; Studio of Leonardo da Vinci, Provenzano Solvani re- ceiving Gifts for Ransom of a Prisoner, Pa- lazzo pubblico, Siena. Mdller, 97. CASTAGNO, ANDREA DEL, born at Mugello, near Florence, in 1390, died in Florence, Aug. 19, 1457. Florentine school ; son of a labourer, Bartolommeo di Simone ; was observed drawing cattle on flat stones by Bernardetto de' Medici, who, struck with his talent, took him to Florence and gave him opportunity for study. Baldinucci con- jectures that he was apprenticed to Masac- cio, but he was more probably taught in the school which produced Uccello and Pesel- lino. He was an intense realist, full of energy and truth to common nature, but a hard and inharmonious colourist. The two Crucifixions in the monastery of the Angeli, Florence, which were pointed out as among his earlier works, are vulgar in type, hard in line and drapery, and without feel- ing. Better are the colossal portraits of Heroes and Sibyls which he painted for a hall in the Villa Paudolfini at Leguaja, now transferred to canvas and in the Uffizi. In 1435, Andrea was commissioned by the Florentine government to paint upon the walls of the Palace of the Podestk the Peruz- zi and the Albizzi, who were declared rebels after the return of Cosmo de' Medici. From this he derived his surname of Andrea degli Impiccati (of the Hanged), he having KO represented them. Andrea was employed in 1444, 144(3, aud 1455 in the Cathedral, Florence, and in 1451 in the hospital of S. M. Nuova, where he painted various works, a St. Andrew, a Last Supper, and a series of frescos in the church choir illus- trating the life and death of the Madonna, all now destroyed. Vasari accuses Andrea of having murdered Domenico Veneziano, out of jealousy of the superior talent shown ' by the latter when they worked together at S. M. Nuova ; but his innocence is fully es- tablished by the certainty that Domenico survived him four years. Among the works of Andrea are the picture of Niccolo da Toleutiuo on horseback (145G), Duomo, Florence ; Crucifixion (fresco), Loggia of Hospital adjoining S. M. Nuova ; St. John and St. Francis, S. Croce, Florence ; Por- trait, Pitti ; Altarpiece, also SS. Jerome aud John and the Magdalen, Academy, Florence ; Last Supper, Refectory of S. Apollonia, Florence ; Frescos for the Villa Carducci, Uffizi, Florence. Vasari, ed. Mil., ii. 667 ; C. & C., Italy, ii. 302 ; Burckhardt, 535 ; Meyer, Kunst. Lex., i. 693 ; Lubke, Gesch. ital. Mai, i. 279. CASTAN, GUSTAVE, born in Geneva iu 1823. Landscape painter, pupil of i Alex. Calame ; paints attractive landscapes of brilliant execution. Works : Souvenir of Franche-Comte, Storm in Winter, Lille Museum ; Forest in Winter, Langres Mu- seum ; View near Lancy ; Banks of the Creuse ; Entrance to Forest in Autumn ; Easter iu Winter ; Torrent in the Alps ; Lake Lucerne ; Wood-Interior iu Autumn (1879). Miiller, 97 ; Larousse. CASTELLANO, Don MANUEL, born in Spain ; contemporary. History and genre painter. His Death of ViUamediaua (1871), Museum Fine Arts, Madrid, was awarded a medal at Philadelphia Exposition, 1876. CASTELLO (Castelli), BERNARDO, born at Albaro, near Genoa, 1557, died in Genoa, Oct., 1629. Genoese school ; pupil of Andrea Serniui and of Luca Cambiaso ; travelled through Italy, and formed a grace- 251
