CEAEYER and to Brussels guild in 1651. Works: Flem- ish Tavern, Brussels Museum ; Interior, Ant- werp Museum ; Matrimonial Contract, Mad- rid Museum ; Peasant with Felt Cap, Berlin Museum ; Soldiers conversing with Women, Vienna Museum ; Craes- becke's Studio, Aremberg Gallery, Brussels ; do., Louvre ; Woman baking Pancakes, Mr. Henderson's Collection. Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 544 ; Biog. nat. de Bel- gique, iv. 474 ; Ch. Blanc, Ecole flamande ; Burger, Gallerie d'Aremberg (1859), 88 ; Journal des B. Arts (1869), 50 ; (1872), 153, 162 ; Michiels, ix. 168, 450 ; Rooses (Reber), 404. CRAEYER, CASPAR DE, born in Ant- werp, baptised Nov. 18, 1584, died in Ghent, Jan. 27, 1669. Flemish school; history painter, pupil of Raphael van Cox- cyen, in Brussels, where he was re- gistered master of the guild, Nov. 3, 1607, and its pres- ident in 1614-15. He was director from 1612 of the King of Spain's art collections, was highly esteemed by Albert and Isabella, governors of the Netherlands, and was court painter to their successor, Cardinal Infant Ferdinand, in 1635-41 ; removed to Ghent in 1664. In friendly relations with Rubens and Van Dyck, the former of whom painted his portrait. He was by far the foremost among the contemporaries of Rubens in the Spanish Netherlands. Works : Portrait of Cardinal Infant Ferdinand, Madonna adored by Saints, St. Augustin in Ecstacy, Louvre; Elias in the Desert, Antwerp Museum ; Mi- raculous Draught of Fishes, Assumption of St. Catherine, Martyrdom of St. Blasius, Pieta, Adoration of the Shepherds, eight others, Brussels Museum; Judgment of Solo- mon, Coronation of St. Rosalia, Martyrdom of St. Blasius, Triumphal Arch, Ghent Mu- seum ; Adoration of Shepherds, Amsterdam Museum ; Descent from Cross, Rotterdam Museum ; Martyr buried Alive, Lille Muse- um ; Portrait of Cardinal Infant Ferdinand, Madrid Museum; Madonna and Saints (1646); Munich Gallery ; Madonna and Saints, St. Theresa and Virgin, An- gelic Salutation, Vienna Museum ; Altarpieces in Cathedral of Aix, Prov- ence, and of Amberg, Upper Palatinate. Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 571; Biog. nat. de Bel- gique, v. 27 ; Ch. Blanc, iScole flamande ; Cat. du Musee d'Anvers (1874), 102 ; Mi- chiels, viii. 390 ; Rooses (Reber), 337. CRAMER, ALFONS VON, born at Smyrna in 1834. Genre and portrait painter; studied in Florence, and in 1862-76 in Diisseldorf under Wilhelm Sohn, meanwhile travelling in Turkey, Greece, Asia Minor, and Egypt. Works : St. John (1866), Smyrna Cathedral; Rendezvous, Eavesdropper, Portrait of Sul- tan Abdul Aziz. Miiller, 118. CRANACH, LUCAS, the elder, born at Kronach, Ba- varia, in Oct. (4?), 1472, died in Wei- mar, Oct. 16, 1553. Ger- man school ; history and
- , portrait
painter. His family name was Miiller, and he was his father's pupil. In 1493, he went for two years to the Holy Land with the Elector Frederic the Wise, who, on their return, gave him an apartment in his palace at Wittenberg, where Cranach established a workshop for all kinds of pic- torial and decorative work, a printing press, and a pharmacy (burned in 1871). He was held in high esteem there, and was twice elected burgomaster. In 1509, when Fred- eric sent him to the Netherlands, he painted the portrait of Charles V., aged eight, for 346
