ROBBE gium, Spain, and Portugal ; lived several years in Paris, and settled in Rome in 1865. Member of St. Petersburg Academy in 18G4 ; professor since 1869. Medals : London, Vi- enna. Works : Synagogue in Livonia ; In- terior of Koman Tavern ; Visit of Cardinal to S. Onofrio ; Vegetable Store at Frascati ; Refectory in Capuchin Monastery in Rome ; Cardinal Council. ROBBE, LOUIS, born at Courtray, Nov. 17, 1806. Animal and landscape painter, self-taught, studying from nature since 1833 ; settled at Courtray in 1830, and at Brussels in 1840. Medals at Brussels (1839-42) ; Paris, 3d class, 1844 ; 2d class, 1855 ; L. of Honour, 1845 ; Order of Leopold, 1843 ; Officer, 1863 ; Spanish Order of Charles III., 1844. Member Amsterdam Academy, 1855. Studio in Brussels. Works : Cam- pine in Brabant ; Sheep and Shepherd ; Rest in the Pasture ; Pond with Cows ; Roosters after Fight ; Bull attacked by Dogs, Brussels Museum ; Landscape with Cattle, Ghent Museum ; Sheep in Moun- tainous Landscape, Kunsthalle, Hamburg. His brother, Henri, is a still-life painter. Medals : Bruges, 1850 ; Ypres, 1855. Im- merzeel, iii. 18 ; Kramm, v. 1371 ; Vape- reau (1880), 1551 ; Sunaert, 123. ROBBINS, HORACE WOLCOTT, born in Mobile, Ala., Oct. 21, 1842. Landscape painter, pupil of August Weidenbach, Ger- man landscape painter, and of James M. Hart. In 1865 visited England, Holland, and France, where he received some in- struction from Rousseau in Paris, and in the same year sketched in Jamaica, W. I.; in 1866 sketched in Switzerland. Elected an A.N.A. in 1864, and N.A. in 1878. Stu- dio in New York. Works in oil : Blue Hills of Jamaica (1874) ; Roadside Elms ; Mt. Philip ; New England Homestead, Har- bour Islands Lake George (1878) ; Moun- tain Stream (1879) ; Summer Afternoon Keene Valley (1880) ; Cloudy Afternoon, Solitude (1881) ; Lake Katahdin Maine (1882) ; Early Autumn Adirondacks, Twi- light Hour (1883) ; Summer Afternoon- Essex County, Keene Valley Runway, Sun- set Island of Jamaica (1884) ; Showery Af- ternoon in the Mountains (1885) ; Darken- ing in the Evening Glory (1886). Water- colours : New England Road Scene (1877) ; New England Homestead (1878). ROBER, ERNST, born at Elberfeld, June 23, 1849. History painter, pupil of Diissel- dorf Academy and of Bendemann. Works : Hunting Expedition of the Nibelungs ; Gods of Olympus, National Gallery, Berlin ; Nymphs surprised by Fauns, Faun's Love Song (1878). His brother, Fritz (born Oct. 15, 1851), also pupil of Bendemann, paint- ed Death of Sophonisba ; The Great Elec- tor consoling the Peasantry after Battle of Fehrbellin ; then (together with his brother and with Rudolf Bendemann), Allegorical Figures, Cupid and Psyche, Groups of Ge- nii, National Gallery, Berlin. Miiller, 443 ; Kunst-Chronik, xviii. 647 ; xxi. 243, 245 ; D. Rundschau, xvii. 300. ROBERT, ALEXANDRE, born at Traze- gnies, Renault, Feb. 17, 1817. Portrait and genre painter, pupil of Brussels Academy under Navez, then studied in Italy, 1843- 48. Medals at Brussels, 1845, 1848 ; Paris, 1855 ; Officer, Order Leopold ; Order Fran- cis Joseph of Austria. Member Royal Acad- emy of Belgium. Studio in Brussels. Works : Ransacking of Carmelite Monastery in Ant- werp, Luca Siguorelli painting his Dead Son, Brussels Museum ; Regret (1849), Ghent Museum ; Chorus of Capuchins ; Young Mendicant ; Dolce far nieute ; Charles V. before his Death ; Souvenirs of Rome and Naples. Miiller, 443; Vapereau (1880), 1553. ROBERT, AURELE, born at Les Epla- tures, near La Chaux-de-Fonds, Neuchatel, Dec. 18, 1805, died at Ried, near Bienne (Biel), Canton Berne, Dec. 21, 1871. Ar- chitecture and genre painter, brother and, from 1822, pupil in Rome of Leopold Ro- bert, whom he accompanied on study trips in 1828-29, and, after a short separation, joined again in Paris in 1831, then in Ven- ice in 1833, to return home after Leopold's 52
