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Apollo and Marsyas, Raphael, Louvre, Paris.
- mical arrangement of figures, by treating
his backgrounds in perspective, by connecting instead of juxtaposing tones, and by relieving the flat appearance of painted surfaces by a skilful use of light and shade. He is classed with Agatharchus as a skiographer or shadow painter. Pliny (xxxv. 36) says that he opened the doors of art through which Zeuxis entered, meaning that he discarded the flat tints and shadowless outlines in use by Polygnotus for blended and harmonious tints, chiaroscuro effects, and other modern pictorial artifices. Among his works were an Ajax of Locris on a ship struck by lightning, and a Priest Praying.—Brunn, ii. 51.
APOLLONIO, GIACOMO, born at Bassano
in 1582-4, died there, Dec. 1, 1654.
Venetian school; history and landscape
painter, pupil of Girolamo and Giambattista
Bassano, and a very happy imitator of their
style. Works in Italian churches.—Meyer,
Künst. Lex., ii. 178.
APOLLO, TEMPLE OF, Claude Lorrain,
formerly at Leigh Court; canvas, H. 5 ft. 9
in. × 8 ft. 3 in.; signed, dated 1663. A mountainous,
richly-wooded landscape, with sea
in distance; in foreground, the Temple of
Apollo, in which an ox is being sacrificed.
One of the master's finest pictures. Liber
Veritatis, No. 157. Formerly in Palazzo Altieri,
Rome, with its companion, Landing of
Æneas, which see, for history. Engraved in
Miles Gallery, and by W. Woollet (1760).
Sketches in British Museum and at Windsor.—Pattison,
Claude Lorrain, 220, 232;
Waagen, Treasures, iii. 180.
APPERT, EUGÉNE, born in Angers,
France, Dec. 28, 1814, died at Cannes, March
8, 1867. History and genre painter, pupil
of Ingres. Medal of the third class, 1844;
honourable mention, 1855; Legion of Honour,
1859. Works: Sarah and the Poachers
(1841); Nero gazing at the Corpse of Agrippina
(1842); Vision of St. Ovens (1844),
bought by State; Assumption (1845); Descent
from Cross (1846); Death of St. Joseph
(1847); An Amour (1850); An Informer
(1852); Adoration of Magi (1853), belongs
to State; Sisters of Charity in the Crimea
(1855); Woman Spinning (1857); Sedaire
cutting Stones, The False Scent (1861);
Venice (1863); Pope Alexander III., Peonies
(1864).—Meyer, Künst. Lex., ii.
187.
APPIAN, ADOLPHE, born in Lyons,
France, in 1819. Landscape painter, pupil
of Corot and Daubigny; belongs to the
most recent school of French realists, who
care more for play of light and shade and
general effect than for the working out of
details. Celebrated for his charcoal drawings.
Works: Cattle Market (1865); Bois
des Roches (1870); Environs of Monaco
(1873), Luxembourg Museum; Luxembourg
Souvenir (1873); Panton at Beaulieu (1874);
Environs of Carquéranne (1883).—Meyer,
Künst. Lex., ii. 187; Müller, 16.
APPIAN WAY IN THE TIME OF
AUGUSTUS, G. R. C. Boulanger, Mrs. A.
T. Stewart, New York; canvas. The Appian
Way, with tombs and trees in background,
and passing in front horsemen, chariots,
