French from Italy. Studies in Louvre and at Oxford. Engraved by Volpato; S. Bernard; P. Anderloni; F. Colignon.—Vasari, ed. Mil., iv., 347; Müntz, 366; Passavant, i. 146; Springer, 204; Kugler (Eastlake), ii. 435; Gruyer, Fresques, 215; Perkins, 135.
AUBERT, AUGUSTIN RAYMOND, born
in Marseilles, Jan. 23, 1781, died there, Nov.
5, 1857. History, portrait, and landscape
painter; pupil of Guenin at Marseilles, and
of Peyron in Paris. In 1804 returned to
Marseilles, and in 1810, was made director
of the school of drawing and of the Museum;
in 1845 he retired to his country seat near
Marseilles, where he died. Exercised much
influence upon art in his native city and
educated a number of able pupils. Works:
Noah's Sacrifice (1817), Marseilles Museum;
Visit of the Virgin to S. Elizabeth (1822),
Glorification of Christ (1838), Annunciation
(1827), Martyrdom of St. Paul (1836),
Church of St. Paul, Beauvais.—Meyer,
Künst. Lex., ii. 371.
AUBERT, ERNEST JEAN, born in Paris,
in 1824. Genre painter, pupil of Paul Delaroche
and in engraving of Martinet. Won
the prix de Rome for engraving in 1844,
and lived five years in Italy. Devoted himself
chiefly to engraving until 1853, when he
turned his attention to lithography and
afterward to painting. Medals for painting:
3d class, 1861; 2d class, 1878. Works:
Confidence (1861); Martyrs under Diocletian
(1863); Youth (1865); Early Breakfast
(1867); Broken Thread (1872); At the
Fountain (1875); Coming Love (1877); Le
barde Hyvarnion et Ravanone (1883); Menu
de l'Amour (1884); Aurora Cools the Wings
of Love (1885).
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AUBLET, ALBERT, born in Paris; contemporary. History and portrait painter; pupil of Jacquand and of Gérôme. Medals: 3d class, 1880; 2d class, Munich, 1883. Works: The Siesta, Interior of a Stable, Interior of a Courtyard, Farm at Tréport (1874); Men of the Reserve in a Barrack at Cherbourg (1879); Selene (1879); Meeting of Henri III. and the Duc de Guise (1880); Inhaling Room at Mont-Doré (1881); Dancing Dervishes at Scutari (1882); On the Beach, Tréport (1883); Nero Poisoning Slaves (1876), St. Étienne Museum; Esqui-Djamlidja—Broussa (1884); Bathing Time at Tréport (1885).
AUBRY, ÉTIENNE, born in Versailles,
Jan. 10, 1745, died in Paris, July 21, 1781.
Portrait and genre painter, pupil of J. G.
Silvestre and Joseph Vien. Member of the
Academy in 1775. His genre paintings of
1779 show an inclination
to imitate
Greuze. Bore the
title of painter to the
king. Portrait of the Artist, Louvre.—Meyer,
Künst. Lex., ii. 378; Wurzbach, Fr.
Maler d. xviii. J., 40.
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AUDEN-AERD (Audenaerde, Oude-*naerde), ROBERT VAN, born in Ghent, Sept. 20, 1663, died there, June 3, 1743. Flemish school; history and portrait painter, pupil of Frans van Mierop and of Jan van Cleef, then of Carlo Maratti in Rome, where for many years he was employed by his patron, Cardinal Barbarigo; returned to Ghent in 1723, after an absence of thirty-eight years. Works: Abbot and his Canons in Chapter, Assumption (1725), Museum, Ghent; Assumption, St. Nicholas', ib.; Martyrdom of St. Catherine, St. James', ib.; Christ among the Doctors, Petit-Béguinage, ib.—Biog. nat. Belgique, i. 535; Meyer, Künst, Lex., ii. 383.
AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, born in
Louisiana, May 4, 1780, died in New York,
Jan. 27, 1851. Animal painter; studied
under David in Paris in 1795 or '96. Made
many expeditions down the Ohio and in
Florida to sketch birds; visited Europe
again in 1826 and 1832; published, in
1828-44 his "Birds of America" and his
"Ornithological Biography," the former il-
