AVELLINO, GIULIO, or GIACINTO, called Il Messinese, born in Messina, about the middle of 17th century, died in Ferrara, Aug. 3, 1700. Neapolitan school; pupil of Salvator Rosa in Naples; returned to Messina and married the daughter of Maffei, his first teacher in perspective and architecture. Having wounded a priest in a quarrel, he fled to Naples, but pursued by the love and jealousy of a woman, who attempted to poison his wife, went to Rome, and afterwards to Venice. After visiting other cities he settled in Ferrara and there successfully revived the art of landscape painting, which had been extinct since the death of Dossi.—Meyer, Künst. Lex., ii. 467.
AVERCAMP, HENDRIK, surnamed de
Stomme (Mute) van Kampen, born probably
at Kampen on the Yssel about 1585 (?),
died about 1635 (?). Dutch school; landscape
painter, closely approaching the style
of W. Buytenvrech and E. van de Velde;
painted chiefly winter landscapes. His
highly esteemed water-colour sketches and
drawings are in the Taylor Museum, Haarlem
(8), Hamburg Gallery (4), Städel Gallery,
Frankfort (10), Berlin Museum (3),
Albertina, Vienna (4). Works: Landscape,
Antwerp Museum; River Landscape, Rotterdam
Museum; Landscape (1620), Amalienstift,
Dessau; Dutch Kirmess on the Ice
(2), Dresden Gallery; Frozen River with
Skaters (2), Berlin Museum; Winter Landscape,
Schwerin Gallery.—Meyer, Künst.
Lex., ii. 469.
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AVERNUS, LAKE, the Fates, and the Golden Bough, J. M. W. Turner, National Gallery, London; canvas, H. 3 ft. 5 in. × 5 ft. 4 in. Lake Avernus, near Cumæ, Italy, with Baiæ and Vesuvius in distance. Supposed to be fed by the Acheron, the river of the infernal regions—hence the entrance to Hades. The golden bough was a branch of the tree of Proserpine which, when plucked by the favour of the Fates, enabled mortals to visit and return from Hades (Æneid, VI.), Royal Academy, 1834; Vernon Collection, 1847. Engraved by T. A. Prior, J. T. Willmore.—Cat. Nat. Gal.; Hamerton, Life.
AVONT, PEETER VAN DEN, born at
Mechlin, baptized Jan. 14, 1600, died at
Deurne, near Antwerp, Nov. 1, 1652. Flemish
school; history and landscape painter,
master of Antwerp guild in 1622-23, became
a citizen of Antwerp in 1631. Often
supplied the landscapes of Vinck-Boons,
Jan Brueghel the elder and the younger,
Lucas van Uden, Jan Wildens, J. d'Arthois,
Luc. Achtschellinck, and Lod. de Vadder with
delicately painted small figures. Works:
Holy Family, St. James', Antwerp; Madonna,
St. Nicholas' Chapel, ib.; do. and Angels
in a Landscape, Ghent Museum; Wooded
Landscape with Holy Family, do. with Madonna
and St. John, Flora with Genii, Museum,
Vienna; Landscape with Diana Aiming
at Mother with two Children, Madonna
and Angels, Silenus and Bacchus, Liechtenstein
Gallery, ib.; Holy Family and Angels,
Munich Gallery.—Kramm, i. 36; Meyer,
Künst. Lex., ii. 479.
AXARETO. See Assereto.
AZE, ADOLPHE, born in Paris, March
6, 1822, died there, March 25, 1884. History
painter, pupil of Robert-Fleury; visited
Italy and the East and first exhibited in
the Salon in 1845. Medals: 3d class, 1851,
1863. Works: Diana Surprised by Endymion;
Council of Cardinals (1851), Rodez
Museum; Jean Goujon Decorated by Duke
of Anjou (1855), Bagnères-de-Bigorre Museum;
Cosimo de Medicis Assassinating his
Son in the Streets of Venice; Interview between
Philip II. and Don Carlos.—Chronique
des Arts (1884), 105.
AZEGLIO (Massimo Taparelli), MARCHESE
D', born in Turin, Oct. 24, 1798,
died there, Jan. 15, 1866. Landscape and
genre painter, pupil of M. Verstappen in
Rome; excelled especially in landscapes,
which he enlivened with figures. In 1833
he exhibited in Milan seventeen pictures
which were most favourably received. Prime
