to him by his friend Noel Desenfans, to Dulwich College, and £12,000 to build a gallery for them. Works: Landscapes, etc. (22), Dulwich Gallery.—Redgrave; Ch. Blanc, École anglaise; Richter, Dulwich Gal. Cat.; Sandby, i. 300.
BOURGET, LE, DEFENCE OF, Alphonse
de Neuville, W. H. Vanderbilt, New
York; canvas, H. 5 ft. × 8 ft. Episode of the
Franco-German war of 1870-71. A handful
of French—eight officers and twenty men—barricaded
themselves in the village church,
swearing to die together rather than surrender.
"It was necessary," wrote Gen.
Duroc, "to shoot them through the windows
and to bring up cannon to force a capitulation."
The dying Lieut. Grison is being
carried out of the church by two of his
men. Painted in 1878.—Art Treasures of
Amer., iii. 103; Künst-Chronik, xv. 387.
BOURGUIGNON, LE. See Courtois.
BOUT, PEETER, baptized in Brussels,
Dec. 5, 1658, died about 1700. Flemish
school; executed with Boudewyns a number
of pictures, which, like those of Velvet
Brueghel, occupy a place midway between
landscape and genre, and in which he painted
the figures. Works: Palace (by Dupont)
with figures, Ghent Museum; Figures in
Winter Landscape by d'Arthois, Brussels
Museum; Figures in Landscape by Boudewyns
in Madrid, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Brunswick,
Dresden, and Vienna Museums, Uffizi,
Florence, and Louvre, Paris.—Biog. nat. de
Belgique, ii. 873; Cat. du Musée d'Anvers
(1874), 68; Michiels, ix. 342.
BOUTERWEK, FRIEDRICH AUGUST,
born at Tarnowitz, Silesia, Feb. 9, 1806, died
in Paris, Nov. 11, 1867. History painter;
pupil of Berlin Academy under Kolbe, and
in 1831 of Delaroche in Paris, where he settled
after visiting Italy in 1834. He received
23 medals and many orders. His works are
pleasing in arrangement, clear in colouring,
and finished in execution. Works: Orestes
(1833); Arabian Sentry, Romeo and Juliet
(1836); Patriarchal Repast (1839); Isaac and
Rebecca (1840); Neapolitan Scene, Episode
from Wedding of Camacho; Jacob and Rachael
(1844); Baptism of the Chamberlain
(1848); Charlemagne in Argenteuil.—Allgem.
d. Biogr., iii. 216; Revue artistique
(1870); Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., 186.
BOUTIBONNE, CHARLES ÉDOUARD,
born at Buda-Pesth, Hungary, of French
parents; contemporary. Genre painter;
pupil of Winterhalter. Medal, 3d class,
1847. Works: Phryne (1868); Susannah
(1881); Sirens (1883). Works in United
States: Inquisitive Maid, T. R. Butler, New
York; Skating, D. W. Powers, Rochester,
N. Y.; Broken Heart, W. Mason, Taunton,
Mass.; Readers, "Be quiet, Sir!" A.
Adams, Watertown, Mass.; Skating, J. T.
Martin, Brooklyn; What shall I say to
Him? E. B. Warren, Philadelphia; Travelling
in Switzerland, Mrs. R. L. Stuart, New
York; On the Ice, F. Harper, New York.
BOUTIGNY, (PAUL) EMILE, born in
Paris; contemporary. History painter,
pupil of Cabanel. Medal, 3d class, 1884.
Works: A Cantonment (1880); Episode of
the Affair of Quiberon—June 26, 1795
(1881); Episode of Combat of Bapaume in
1870 (1882); Pousse-café (1883); Boule-de-Suif
(1884); Attack on the Mill (1885).
BOUTS, DIERICK, born in Haarlem
about 1410-20, died at Louvain, May 6,
1475. Flemish school. Called sometimes
Dirk van Haarlem and Dierick de Louvain.
Settled in Louvain after 1450. History
painter of great merit, of the Van Eyck
school, in which he is almost unequalled in
glowing depth and transparent clearness of
colouring; his delicacy of personification
and tenderness of execution are only marred
by the exaggerated stiffness and slimness of
his figures. Best works: Martyrdom of St.
Erasmus and Last Supper, St. Peter, Louvain.
Two wings of this altarpiece, Shower of
Manna and Abraham before Melchisedec, are
in the Old Pinakothek at Munich, two others,
Feast of the Passover and Feeding of Elijah,
in Berlin Museum. Judas taking our Lord,
Old Pinakothek, Munich; Martyrdom of St.
Hippolitus, Bruges Cathedral; Funeral of a
