history and portrait painter; showed influence of Frans Hals, and later of Rembrandt. Works: Four portraits in a Group of Syndics of St. Luke's Guild (1675), National Gallery, Amsterdam; Initiation of Orphans (1663), Regents of Orphanage (1663, 1664), Regents of Leper-house (2, 1667), Christ blessing the Children, Seleucus (1676), Glorification of Frederic Henry (1681), Vulcan (1683), Dutch Family, Haarlem Museum; David with the Harp (1674), Brunswick Museum; David with Head of Goliath, Copenhagen Gallery; Portrait of Himself and Family, Hampton Court Palace.—Bode, Studien, 109; Riegel, Beiträge, ii. 305; Van der Willigen, 96.
BRAZACCO. See Bazacco.
BRAZEN SERPENT, Michelangelo, Sistine
Chapel, Rome; fresco in corner soffit of
ceiling. Illustration of Numbers xxi. 6-8.
By Rubens, National Gallery, London; canvas, H. 6 ft. 2 in. × 8 ft. 9 in. Moses and Aaron standing to right, the latter pointing to an elevated serpent, towards which many of the Israelites, suffering from the stings of venomous reptiles, are turning for relief. Engraved by Bolswert and Galle. Formerly in Palazzo Marano, Italy; Collection of A. Wilson (1807), £1200; Collection of Wm. Champion (1810), £1000; belonged to T. B. Owen, who sold it to National Gallery (1837) for £3000. Duplicates, partly by pupils, in Madrid Museum and Potsdam Gallery. Sketch in black and white, Louvre.—Smith, ii. 216; Cat. Nat. Gal.
BREA, LODOVICO, born at Nice about
1450 (?), died after 1513. Neapolitan school.
Works, chiefly in churches in Genoa, signed
and dated from 1483 to 1513. An Annunciation,
etc., attributed to Justus of Ghent, in
three compartments, in the Louvre, may be
by him. Brea shows Flemish influences,
and was perhaps taught by Corrado d'Alemania,
or by Justus of Ghent, who painted
at Genoa at 1451. Soprani mentions an Ascension
of Christ in S.M. della Consolazione
at Genoa, painted for Petrus de' Fazi in
1483.—C. & C., Flemish Painters, 176; Ch.
Blanc, École génoise; Lanzi, iii. 235; Soprani,
12.
BREDA, CARL FREDRIK VON, born
in Stockholm in 1759, died in 1818. Portrait
painter, pupil in London of Reynolds.
Became painter to the Swedish court and
was called the Van Dyck of Sweden. His
son, Johan Fredrik (born in London in
1788, died in Stockholm in 1835), was also
a painter.
BREDA, SURRENDER OF. See Lanzas.
BREDAEL (Breda), JAN FRANS VAN,
born in Antwerp, March 19, 1683, died
there, Feb. 19, 1750. Landscape painter;
grandson of Peeter van B., son and pupil
of Alexander van B., landscape and genre
painter (died 1720). He copied successfully
paintings of Jan Brueghel and Philip
Wouverman, and later executed original pictures
in their style. Entered guild of St.
Luke at Antwerp in 1680; master, 1689.
Went to London with Rysbraek, the sculptor,
and after his return (1725) became director
of the Academy of Antwerp. Works:
Military Camp, Louvre; Horse-Shoeing, Falcon
Hunt, Dresden Gallery; Village View,
Amsterdam Museum.—Biog. nat. de Belgique,
ii. 918; Ch. Blanc, École flamande.
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BREDAEL, JAN PEETER VAN, born at Antwerp about 1654, died in Vienna about 1733. Flemish school; landscape and battle painter, son and pupil of Peeter van. B.; master of the guild in 1680. Employed by Prince Eugene of Savoy, and by the Emperor Leopold I., who called him to his court. Works: Battle of Peterwardein in 1716, Battle of Belgrade in 1717, Falcon Chase, Boar Hunt (1717), Vienna Museum.—Biog. nat. de Belgique, ii. 917.
BREDAEL, PEETER VAN, born in Antwerp
in 1630, died in 1719. Flemish school;
painter of landscapes with figures, in the
manner of Jan Brueghel. Entered the Ant-
