- tan Academy of Rome, member of the
French Institute, and president of the Academy of St. Luke. Pius VII. gave him the title of baron, and Francis I. the Order of the Iron Crown. Works: Horatio Cocles, Romulus and Remus, Count de Schünborn; Death of Cæsar, Death of Virginia, Continence of Scipio, Palazzo Reale, Naples; Departure of Regulus for Carthage; Incredulity of St. Thomas (mosaic in St. Peter's); Presentation in Temple, S. Giovanni, Piacenza; Death of the Magdalen, Entombment (painted for Charles IV. of Spain); Mission of Benedictine Monks to England (1833); Conversion of St. Paul (1834), SS. Apostoli, Rome.—Ottley.
CANALE, ANTONIO. See Canaletto.
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CANALETTO, IL, born in Venice, Oct.
18, 1697, died
there, April 20,
1768. Venetian
school. Real
name Antonio
Canal or Canale;
in Italy also
called Il Tonino.
Son of Rinaldo
Canale, painter
of theatrical
scenery; followed same business for several
years, and thus acquired great readiness of
hand and fertility of invention. About 1719
he went to Rome, where he occupied himself
in studying the antique, and painted many
views of its architectural remains. On his
return to Venice he devoted himself to
painting picturesque views of that city in
all its aspects—its canals, bridges, public
places, palaces, and churches, and carnival
and festival scenes full of figures. He visited
England twice, and painted many successful
pictures there, examples of which
are to be seen at Windsor Castle. The gallery
contains some of his finest pictures,
views in Rome and Venice. He executed a
great number of works, and there are few
large collections without examples by him;
but many pictures which pass under his
name are by his pupils, Bellotto and Guardi.
Ch. Blanc says Canaletto is unexcelled
in painting architecture, in aërial perspective,
and in rendering slightly ruffled water.
His drawing is always precise and accurate
and his colouring is wonderfully beautiful.
But Ruskin avers that he is "less to be
trusted for renderings of details than the
rudest and most ignorant painter of the
thirteenth century." His figures are not
always good, and in some of his pictures
they were put in by Tiepolo. Among his
most noted works are the Church of S. M.
della Salute in Venice, Louvre; and the Reception
of Count Gergi, and the Marriage
of the Doge with the Adriatic, Hermitage,
St. Petersburg. Other excellent examples
are: View of Ducal Palace, and View in
Venice, Uffizi, Florence; View of Venice,
Turin Gallery; do., Academia Carrara,
Bergamo; Views in Venice (4), Berlin Museum;
do. (4), Munich Gallery; View in
Venice, View on Grand Canal, Piazzetta of
S. Mark, Scuola di S. Rocco, Ducal Palace,
View of Eton College, Landscape with
Ruins, Regatta on Grand Canal, Grimani
Palace, and others, National Gallery, London;
and Seaport, Galleria Estense, Modena—Ch.
Blanc, École vénitienne; Dohme,
2iii.; Seguier, 36; Burckhardt, 805.
CANDAULES, KING, Jean Léon Gérôme,
Paris. Candaules, King of Lydia, proud of
his wife's beauty, exhibited her unveiled
charms to Gyges, a favourite officer. The
Queen, having caught sight of Gyges as he
was stealing from his place of concealment
in her chamber, gave him the alternative of
murdering Candaules and receiving her and
the kingdom, or of suffering death himself.
He chose the former alternative, and became
the founder of the dynasty of the Mermnadæ.
(Herod., i. 7; Just., i. 7). Engraved
by A. François.
CANELLA, GIUSEPPE, born in Verona
in 1788, died in Florence in 1847. Architecture
and landscape painter; sketched in
France, Germany, and Switzerland. Among
his best works are: Views of Paris and the
