September Afternoon (1874); Trout Brook (1875); Autumn (1876); Scene in New Hampshire (1877); View on Shemung River (1878); View of the Rocky Mountains (1881); Scene on Long Island (1883); Catskill Twilight.
CASSANDRA, ancient picture. See Polygnotus,
Theodorus.
CASSIOLI, AMOS, born in Siena, Italy,
in 1838. History painter, pupil of L. Mussini;
won at Florence, in 1868, first prize in
historical painting, for his picture of Lorenzo
de' Medici showing his Art Collection to
Galeazzo Sforza. Professor at Florence
Academy. Works: Battle of Legnano,
Florence Gallery; Bianca Capello; Studio of
Leonardo da Vinci, Provenzano Solvani receiving
Gifts for Ransom of a Prisoner, Palazzo
pubblico, Siena.—Müller, 97.
CASTAGNO, ANDREA DEL, born at
Mugello, near Florence, in 1390, died in
Florence, Aug. 19, 1457. Florentine school;
son of a labourer, Bartolommeo di Simone;
was observed drawing cattle on flat stones
by Bernardetto de' Medici, who, struck with
his talent, took him to Florence and gave
him opportunity for study. Baldinucci conjectures
that he was apprenticed to Masaccio,
but he was more probably taught in the
school which produced Uccello and Pesellino.
He was an intense realist, full of
energy and truth to common nature, but a
hard and inharmonious colourist. The two
Crucifixions in the monastery of the Angeli,
Florence, which were pointed out as among
his earlier works, are vulgar in type,
hard in line and drapery, and without feeling.
Better are the colossal portraits of
Heroes and Sibyls which he painted for a
hall in the Villa Pandolfini at Legnaja, now
transferred to canvas and in the Uffizi. In
1435, Andrea was commissioned by the
Florentine government to paint upon the
walls of the Palace of the Podestà the Peruzzi
and the Albizzi, who were declared rebels
after the return of Cosmo de' Medici. From
this he derived his surname of Andrea degli
Impiccati (of the Hanged), he having so
represented them. Andrea was employed in
1444, 1446, and 1455 in the Cathedral,
Florence, and in 1451 in the hospital of
S. M. Nuova, where he painted various
works, a St. Andrew, a Last Supper, and a
series of frescos in the church choir illustrating
the life and death of the Madonna,
all now destroyed. Vasari accuses Andrea
of having murdered Domenico Veneziano,
out of jealousy of the superior talent shown
by the latter when they worked together at
S. M. Nuova; but his innocence is fully established
by the certainty that Domenico
survived him four years. Among the works
of Andrea are the picture of Niccolò da
Tolentino on horseback (1456), Duomo,
Florence; Crucifixion (fresco), Loggia of
Hospital adjoining S. M. Nuova; St. John
and St. Francis, S. Croce, Florence; Portrait,
Pitti; Altarpiece, also SS. Jerome and
John and the Magdalen, Academy, Florence;
Last Supper, Refectory of S. Apollonia,
Florence; Frescos for the Villa Carducci,
Uffizi, Florence.—Vasari, ed. Mil., ii. 667;
C. & C., Italy, ii. 302; Burckhardt, 535;
Meyer, Künst. Lex., i. 693; Lübke, Gesch.
ital. Mal., i. 279.
CASTAN, GUSTAVE, born in Geneva
in 1823. Landscape painter, pupil of
Alex. Calame; paints attractive landscapes
of brilliant execution. Works: Souvenir
of Franche-Comté, Storm in Winter, Lille
Museum; Forest in Winter, Langres Museum;
View near Lancy; Banks of the
Creuse; Entrance to Forest in Autumn;
Easter in Winter; Torrent in the Alps;
Lake Lucerne; Wood-Interior in Autumn
(1879).—Müller, 97; Larousse.
CASTELLANO, Don MANUEL, born in
Spain; contemporary. History and genre
painter. His Death of Villamediana (1871),
Museum Fine Arts, Madrid, was awarded a
medal at Philadelphia Exposition, 1876.
CASTELLO (Castelli), BERNARDO, born
at Albaro, near Genoa, 1557, died in Genoa,
Oct., 1629. Genoese school; pupil of
Andrea Semini and of Luca Cambiaso;
travelled through Italy, and formed a grace-
