and to Brussels guild in 1651. Works: Flemish Tavern, Brussels Museum; Interior, Antwerp Museum; Matrimonial Contract, Madrid Museum; Peasant with Felt Cap, Berlin Museum; Soldiers conversing with Women, Vienna Museum; Craesbecke's Studio, Aremberg Gallery, Brussels; do., Louvre; Woman baking Pancakes, Mr. Henderson's Collection.—Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 544; Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 474; Ch. Blanc, École flamande; Burger, Gallerie d'Aremberg (1859), 88; Journal des B. Arts (1869), 50; (1872), 153, 162; Michiels, ix. 168, 450; Rooses (Reber), 404.
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CRAEYER, CASPAR DE, born in Antwerp, baptised Nov. 18, 1584, died in Ghent, Jan. 27, 1669. Flemish school; history painter, pupil of Raphael van Coxcyen, in Brussels, where he was registered master of the guild, Nov. 3, 1607, and its president in 1614-15. He was director from 1612 of the King of Spain's art collections, was highly esteemed by Albert and Isabella, governors of the Netherlands, and was court painter to their successor, Cardinal Infant Ferdinand, in 1635-41; removed to Ghent in 1664. In friendly relations with Rubens and Van Dyck, the former of whom painted his portrait. He was by far the foremost among the contemporaries of Rubens in the Spanish Netherlands. Works: Portrait of Cardinal Infant Ferdinand, Madonna adored by Saints, St. Augustin in Ecstacy, Louvre; Elias in the Desert, Antwerp Museum; Miraculous Draught of Fishes, Assumption of St. Catherine, Martyrdom of St. Blasius, Pietà, Adoration of the Shepherds, eight others, Brussels Museum; Judgment of Solomon, Coronation of St. Rosalia, Martyrdom of St. Blasius, Triumphal Arch, Ghent Museum; Adoration of Shepherds, Amsterdam Museum; Descent from Cross, Rotterdam Museum; Martyr buried Alive, Lille Museum; Portrait of Cardinal Infant Ferdinand, Madrid Museum; Madonna and Saints (1646); Munich Gallery; Madonna and Saints, St. Theresa and Virgin, Angelic Salutation, Vienna Museum; Altarpieces in Cathedral of Aix, Provence, and of Amberg, Upper Palatinate.—Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 571; Biog. nat. de Belgique, v. 27; Ch. Blanc, École flamande; Cat. du Musée d'Anvers (1874), 102; Michiels, viii. 390; Rooses (Reber), 337.
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CRAMER, ALFONS VON, born at Smyrna in 1834. Genre and portrait painter; studied in Florence, and in 1862-76 in Düsseldorf under Wilhelm Sohn, meanwhile travelling in Turkey, Greece, Asia Minor, and Egypt. Works: St. John (1866), Smyrna Cathedral; Rendezvous, Eavesdropper, Portrait of Sultan Abdul Aziz.—Müller, 118.
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CRANACH, LUCAS, the elder, born at
Kronach, Bavaria,
in Oct.
(4 ?), 1472,
died in Weimar,
Oct. 16,
1553. German
school;
history and
portrait
painter. His
family name
was Müller, and he was his father's pupil.
In 1493, he went for two years to the Holy
Land with the Elector Frederic the Wise,
who, on their return, gave him an apartment
in his palace at Wittenberg, where Cranach
established a workshop for all kinds of pictorial
and decorative work, a printing press,
and a pharmacy (burned in 1871). He was
held in high esteem there, and was twice
elected burgomaster. In 1509, when Frederic
sent him to the Netherlands, he painted
the portrait of Charles V., aged eight, for
