the Kensington Museum.—C. & C., N. Italy, i. 96; Burckhardt, 592.
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CROFTS, ERNEST, born at Leeds, England,
Sept. 15,
1847. Genre
painter; pupil in
London of A. B.
Clay, and in Düsseldorf
of E. J.
Hunten. Paints
chiefly military
subjects. Elected
an A.R.A. in
1878. Works:
A Retreat (1874); Ligny (1875); Morning
of Waterloo (1876); Ironsides returning
from Sacking a Cavalier's House, Cromwell
at Marston Moor (1877); Wellington's March
from Quatre Bras to Waterloo (1878); Evening
of Waterloo (1879); George II. at Dettingen
(1881); At the Farm of Mont St.
Jean—Waterloo (1882); At the Sign of the
Blue Boar—Holborn, Charles I. going to
Execution (1883); Wallenstein (1884).—Art
Journal (1882), 22, 31; Athen., May 18,1878.
CROIZETTE MLLE., Portrait, Carolus-Duran.
Equestrian portrait of Mlle. Sophie
Croizette, the actress. She is mounted on
a black horse, head to left, and is looking
full face.—Philadelphia Exhibition, 1876.
CROLA, GEORG HEINRICH, born in
Dresden, June 6, 1804, died at Ilsenburg in
the Hartz, May 6, 1879. Landscape painter,
pupil in Dresden of Klengel and studied
from nature and after the Dutch masters in
Dresden Gallery. Was in service of the
Duke of Coburg-Gotha, in 1828-30, and
then in Munich until 1840, when he settled
in the Ilse Valley. Works: Great Oak
Landscape; Storm on Lake Chiem; After-*glow
in the Alps; The Traun Falls; On
Lake Starenberg; Ammer Lake; Teutoburg
Forest; Outlook from the Brocken.—Kunst-Chronik,
xv. 530.
CROLA, HUGO, born at Ilsenburg in the
Hartz, in 1841. Portrait painter, son of
Heinrich, pupil of Berlin Academy; then
of Düsseldorf Academy under Bendemann,
Karl, and Wilhelm Sohn. His portraits
found great favour at the Vienna Exhibition,
1873, and Munich Exhibition, 1879.
In 1877 he became professor at the Düsseldorf
Academy. Painted also genre scenes,
and in 1871 an altarpiece for a church in
Courland.—Müller, 327.
CROME, JOHN, called Old Crome, born
in Norwich, England, Dec. 21, 1769, died
there, April 22, 1821. Brought up a coach
painter, formed himself by studying nature
and pictures of the Dutch school. With
one exception, the Blacksmith's Shop (1809),
all his pictures are landscapes painted with
sweetness of colour, richness of tone, and
truth. He was a genuine student of nature
who delighted in painting lanes, heaths, and
river banks, with effects of sunlight and
moonlight. Mousehold Heath, in the National
Gallery, is perhaps his masterpiece.
He founded the Norwich School of Arts in
1805, and may be regarded as the father of
the Norwich school of landscape painting,
of which Vincent, Stark, and Cotman were
the leading artists. His son, John Bernay
Crome (1793-1842), was an indifferent landscape
painter.—Ch. Blanc, École anglaise;
Portfolio (1879), 33, 48.
CROMWELL AND CHARLES I., Paul
Delaroche, Nîmes Museum; canvas. Subject
from "Quatre Stuarts," of Chateaubriand.
Cromwell, standing beside the coffin
in which repose the remains of Charles I.,
has lifted the lid, and is gazing intently on
the face of the dead. Salon, 1831. Engraved
by Henriquel Dupont.—Clément de
Ris, ii. 210; Larousse, v. 583.
CROPSEY, JASPER FRANCIS, born at
Rossville, N. Y., Feb. 18, 1823. Landscape
painter, pupil of Edward Maury. Visited
England, France, Switzerland, and Italy in
1847; went abroad again in 1855, and spent
seven years in London. Elected N.A. in
1851. Studio in New York. Works in oil:
Jedburgh Abbey, Pontine Marshes (1847);
Backwoods of America (1857); Richmond
Hill (1862); Anne Hathaway's Cottage (Edwin
Booth, New York); Greenwood Lake
