ABEL
ABEL, JOSEF, born at Aschach, Upper
Austria, in 1768, died in Vienna, Oct. 4,
1818. History and portrait painter ; pupil
of Vienna Academy ; obtained in 1794 the
gold medal for his Daedalus and Icarus.
In 1795 he accompanied Prince Czartoryski
to Poland, whence, notwithstanding biilliant
offers from Russia, he returned to Vienna,
and remained there until 1801, when he
went to Rome, where he sketched and partly
finished several of his most important works.
After 1807 he resided at Vienna and became
member of the Academy in 1815. Abel is
better known by his engravings than by his
pictures. Works : Hector and Andromache,
Andromache with Hector's Body, Antigone,
Pi-ometheus, Socrates saving Theramenes,
Klopstock and Homer entering Elysium
(1807), Vienna Museum ; Cato of Utica, Dae-
dalus and Icarus, Vienna Academy ; Socrates
as Sculptor, Amor, Tibullus in Ecstasy, Hor-
ace at Tibur, Scene from Olympian Games,
Oath over Corpse of Lucretia, Darmstadt
Gallery ; Socrates dictating his Will, Seiz-
ure of Antigone, Liechtenstein Gallery, Vi-
enna. — Andresen, iii. 70 ; Meyer, KUnst.
Lex., i. 20.
ABEL DE PUJOL, ALEXANDRE DENIS, born in Valenciennes, France, Jan. 30, 1785, died in Paris, Sept. 28, 1861. History painter, pujDil of the Acad- emy of Valenciennes, of the ficole des Beaux Arts, Paris, and of David, whose manner he followed ; won in 1811 the grand prix de Rome, and resided in that city five years. Legion of Honour, 1822 ; Officer, 1835 ; Member of Academy, 1835. EarHer works are the best, especially the allegorical ones. He painted a number of pictui-es, now in the Louvre, for the government, and exe- cuted works in several churches of Paris and in the provincial museums. Works : Renaissance des Ai'ts, a fresco (1819, de- stroyed in 1856), copy in the LouTe ; Ly- curgus presenting the Heir Apparent to the Lacedaemonians (1810), Ecole des Beaux Arts ; Isaac Blessing the Children of Jacob (1810) ; Death of Britaunicus (1814), Dijon Museum ; St. Stephen preaching the Gospel (1817), St. Etienne du Mont ; Baptism of Clovis (1824), Cathedral of Reims ; St. Peter i-eviving Tabitha (1827), St. Peter, Douai ; Bui'ial of the Madonna, Notre Dame, Paris. — Ch. Blanc, Ecole franqaise ; Siret, 729 ; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 22.
ABELS, JACOBUS THEODORUS, born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, Sept. 1, 1803, died in Abcoude, June 18, 1866. Landscape painter ; pupil of Jan van Raven- swaay. Went to Germany in 1826, and after his return settled at the Hague, where he married a daughter of the painter P. G. van Os. His moonlight landscapes are es- pecially noteworthy. Works : Fir Grove with Cattle, Wood Landscape, View of the Downs, National Museum, Amsterdam. — Mever, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 23.
ABILDG.4AJID, NICOLAI ABRAHAM, bom in Copenhagen, Denmark, Sept. 11, 1742, died at Fredriksdal, June 4, 1809. Son of Soren A., the Norwegian draughts- man, and pupil of Copenhagen Academy, where he won the great medal in 1767. Studied in Italy in 1772-77 ; became, after his return in the latter year, a member of the Academy, professor in 1786, and its di- rector from 1789 to 1792, and from 1802 to his death. His principal work, a series of Allegories (1791) in the castle of Christ- iansborg, was burned with the building in 1794. He was held in high esteem, and the Crown Prince, afterwards Christian Vni., delivered his funeral oration. Works : Philoctetes, Danish Ladies sacrificing their Jewelry to ransom King Svend, Cupid, Soc- rates in Ecstacy, Jupiter ; scenes from Ham- let, Richard HI., Macbeth, Henry YHI. ; illustrations to Terence, Apuleius, and Bag- gesen. — Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 26 ; Weil- bach, 9.
ABOUKIR, BATTLE OF, Baron Gros, Versailles Museum. Battle fought July 25, 1799. Scene : the final cavah-y charge under Murat, when the Turks were driven into the sea. Fort of Aboukir, enemy's camp, and ships in background. Painted in
