for the people, not for the states. The president of the Senate also is to be occasionally President of the United States, and by his negative alone can make three fourths of the other branch necessary to the passage of a law. This is another advantage enjoyed by the Senate.
On the question for inserting "joint," it passed in the affirmative,—
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, ay, 7; Connecticut, New Jersey, Maryland, Georgia, no, 4.
Mr. DAYTON then moved to insert, after the word "legislature," the words, "each state having one vote."
Mr. BREARLY seconded him; and, on the question, it passed in the negative.
Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Georgia, ay, 5; New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, no, 6.
Mr. PINCKNEY moved to insert, after the word "legislature," the words,
"to which election a majority of the votes of the members present shall be required."
And, on this question, it passed in the affirmative.
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, ay, 10; New Jersey, no, 1.
Mr. READ moved that,
"in case the numbers for the two highest in votes should be equal, then the president of the Senate shall have an additional casting vote,"
which was disagreed to by a general negative.
Mr. GOUVERNEUR MORRIS opposed the election of the President by the legislature. He dwelt on the danger of rendering the executive uninterested in maintaining the rights of his station, as leading to legislative tyranny. If the legislature have the executive dependent on them, they can perpetuate and support their usurpations by the influence of tax-gatherers and other officers, by fleets, armies, &c. Cabal and corruption are attached to that mode of election. So is ineligibility a second time. Hence the executive is interested in courting popularity in the legislature, by sacrificing his executive rights; and then he can go into that body, after the expiration of his executive office, and enjoy there the fruits of his policy. To these considerations he added, that rivals would be continually intriguing to oust the President from his place. To guard against all these evils, he moved that the President
"shall be chosen by electors to be chosen by the people of the several states."
Mr. CARROLL seconded him; and, on the question, it passed in the negative.
Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, ay, 5; New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, no, 6.
Mr. DAYTON moved to postpone the consideration of the two last clauses of article 10, sect. 1, which was disagreed to without a count of the states.
vol. v.60
