viii CONTENTS A.D. PAGE 590-604. Pontificate of Gregory the Great, or First ... ... ... 35 His Spiritual Office 35 And Temporal Government ... ... ... ... ... 36 His Estates 37 And Alms 37 The Saviour of Rome 38 CHAPTER XLVr Revolutions of Persia after the Death of Chosrocs or Nushirvan — His Son Horvionz, a Tyrant, is deposed — Usurpation of Bahrain — Flight and Restoration of Chosroes II. — His Gratitude to the Romans — The Chagan of the Avars — Revolt of the Army against MoAirice — His Death — Tyranny of Phocas — Elevation of Heraclius — The Persian War — Chosroes subdues Syria, Egypt, and Asia Minor — Siege of Constanti- nople by the Persians and Avars — Persian Expeditions — Victories and Triumph of Heraclius Contest of Rome and Persia ... ... ... ... ... 39 570 Conquest of Yemen by Nushirvan ... ... ... ... ... 40 572 His last War with the Romans ... ... ... ... ... 41 579 His Death ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 42 579-590. Tyranny and Vices of his Son Hormouz ... ... ... 4^ 590 Exploits of Bahram ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 45 His Rebellion 46 Hormouz is deposed and imprisoned ... ... ... ... 47 Elevation of his Son Chosroes ... ... ... ... ... 48 Death of Hormouz ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 49 Chosroes flies to the Romans ... ... ... ... ... 49 His Return and final Victory ... ... ... ... ... 50 Death of Bahram ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 51 591-603. Restoration and Policy of Chosroes ... ... ... ... 51 570-60D. Pride, Polic}-, and Power of the Chagan of the Avars ... 53 591-602. Wars of Maurice against the Avars ... ... ... ... 57 State of the Roman Armies .. . ... ... ... ... ... 59 Their Discontent ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 And Rebellion... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6r 602 Election of Phocas .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 6t Revolt of Constantinople ... ... ... ... ... ... 61 Death of Maurice and his Children... ... ... ... ... 63 602-610. Phocas Emperor ... ... ... ... ... ... 64 His Character... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 64 And Tyranny ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 65 610 His Fall and Death ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 66 610-642. Reign of Heraclius ... ... ... ... ... ... 67 603 Chosroes invades the Roman Empire ... ... ... ... 68 611 His Conquest of Syria ... ... ... ... .. ... 6g 614 Of Palestine .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 70 616 OfEgypt ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 71 Of Asia Minor... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 71 His Reign and Magnificence ... ... ... ... ... 72