™ COXTEXTS PAOE 640-1017. First Kingdom of the Bulgarians 133 [811 Bulgarian expedition of Nicephorus 1 133] [888-927. Reign of the Tsar Simeon 134] 884 Emigration of the Turks or Hungarians 137 Their Fennic Origin i39 900 Tactics and Manners of the Hungarians and Bulgarians ... 140 88g Establishment and Inroads of the Hungarians 142 934 [933] Victory' of Henry the Fowler ... ... ... 144 955 „ of Otho the Great ... ... ... 145 S39 Origin of the Russian Monarchj- 147 The Varangians of Constantinople ... ... ... 149 950 Geography and Trade of Russia ... ... ... ... ... 150 Nasal Expeditions of the Russians against Constantinople ... 153 865 [860] The first I54 904 [907] The second ... ... ... 155 941 The third ... ... .- ... ... i55 1043 The fourth ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ••• 156 Negotiations and Prophecy ... ... ... ... ... 156 955-973 [945-972]. Reign of Swatoslaus ... ... ... ... ... 157 970-973. His Defeat b}^ John Zimisces ... ... ... ... ... 160 864 Conversion of Russia ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 162 955 [957] Baptism of Olga 162 988 [989] ., ofWolodomir 163 800-1100. Christianity of the North ... ... ... ... ... 164 CHAPTER LVI Thi Saracens, Franks, and Greeks, in Italy — First Adventures and Settlement of the Normans — Character and Conquest of Robert Giiiscard, Duke of Apulia — DeUicrance of Sicily by his Brother Roger — Victories of Robert over the Emperors of the East and West — Roger, King of Sicily, Invades Africa and Greece — The Emperor Manuel Conuunus — Wars of the Greeks and Normans — Extinction of the Normans 840-1017. Conflict of the Saracens, Latins, and Greeks, in Italy ... 167 871 Conquest of Bari ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 168 8go New Province of the Greeks in Italv ... ... ... ... 169 983 [9S2] Defeat of Otho III. [II.] " 170 Anecdotes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 171 1016 Origin of the Normans in Italy ... ... ...' ... ... 173 1029 [1030] Foundation of Aversa ... ... ... ... ... 175 1038 The Normans serve in Sicih* ... ... ... ... ... 176 1040-1043. Their Conquest of Apulia ... ... ... ... ... 178 Character of the Normans ... ... ... ... ... ... 179 1046 Oppression of Apulia ... ... ... 180 1049-1054. League of the Pope and the tvo Empires ... ... ... 181 1053 Expedition of Pope Leo IX. against the Normans ... ... 182 His Defeat and Capti-ity ... ... ... ... ... ... 182 Origin of the Papal Investitures to the Normans ... ... 183 1020-10S5. Birth and Character of Robert Guiscard ... ... ... 184 1054-10S0. His Ambition and Success ... ... ... ... ... 186
