Galland. Bihliotl. Patrum. Proleg. ad Vol. V. c. 14.)
9. Of Ephesus. [Eugenicius, M.]
10. Eremita or Anachoreta ((
Greek characters),
or Ascbta ((Greek characters)), or Monachus ((Greek characters)), the Monk. Palladius in his Historia Lau-
siaca, c. 21, and, according to the Greek text, as
printed in the Diblioth. Patrum (vol. xiii. fol. Paris,
1654) in several passages of c. 20, has recorded
some anecdotes, of sufficiently marvellous character,
of Marcus, an eminent Egyptian ascetic, who lived
to a hundred j'ears, and with whom Palladius had
conversed. This Marcus is noticed also by Sozomen
(/T. E. vi. 29). Palladius, however, does not
ascribe to this Marcus any writings ; nor should
he be confounded, as he is even by Cave and Fa-
ibricius, as well as by others, with Marcus, " the
anuch renowned ascetic," ((Greek characters), Niceph. Callist. H. E. xiv. 30, 54), the disciple of Chrysostom, and the contemporary of Nilus
and Isidore of Pelusium : for this latter Marcus
must have been many years younger than the as-
cetic of Palladius. It is to the disciple of Chry-
sostom that the works extant, under the name of
"Marcus Eremita," are to be ascribed ; as appears
from the express testimony of Nicephorus Callisti,
who had met with the following works: — eight
treatises ((Greek characters)), " equal to the number of the
universal passions;" and thirty-two others, describing
the whole discipline of an ascetic life. Other works
of Marcus must have been extant at that time, but
Nicephorus does not mention them : the above were
the only ones that had come into his hands.
The eight treatises appear to have been originally
distinct, but had been collected into one volume
((Greek characters)), and are so described by Photius (Bibl.
cod. 200), to whose copy was subjoined a ninth
treatise or book, written against the Melchizedekians ((Greek characters))which showed,
says Photius (according to our rendering of a disputed passage), that the writer was no less obnoxious to the charge of heresy than the parties
against whom it was written. Photius remarks
that the arrangement of the works was different in
different copies. A Latin version by Joannes
Picus of the eight books was published 8vo. Paris,
1563, and has been repeatedly reprinted in the
various editions of the Bibliotlieca Puiruni. It is
in the fifth volume of the edition, Lyon. 1677.
The Greek text was also published, 8vo. Paris,
1563, by Guillaume Morel, with the Antirrhetica
of Hesychius of Jerusalem. [Hesychius, No. 7.]
To the Greek text and the Latin version were re-
spectively prefixed, as if also written by Marcus,
the text and version of a homily, (Greek characters),
De Paradiso et Lege Spirituali, which is one of those extant under the
name of Macarius the Egyptian [Macarius, No.
1], to whom it more probably belongs, and from
whose works those of Marcus have been much in-
terpolated. The last four works are arranged in a
different order from that of Photius; and to the
end of the fifth, which is addressed to one Nicolaus,
a friend of the writer, is subjoined Nicolaus' reply.
A tract, (Greek characters), De Jejunio, a Latin version
of which was first published by Zinus, with some
other ascetic tracts, 8vo. Venice, 1574, is probably
a part of the sixth book of the printed editions, the
seventh of Photius, as it corresponds with the title
given by Photius to that book. The Greek text of
Morel's edition was reprinted, with the version of
Picus, in the 1st vol. of the Auctarmm of Ducaf^ns,
fol. Pans, 1624, in the 11th vol. of the Bihl. Pa-
trum, fol. Paris, 1654, and in the 8th vol. of the BiU.
Pa^r^nt of Galland. Although the eight books as a
whole, with the exception, as already noticed, of
the Latin supplement of Zinus De Jejunio, first
appeared in 1563, the first and second books,
namely, Ilept voixov TrueuixaTiKov, De Lege Spiritualty
and Tlepl rQv oio/xevuv e| epycav 8i/caioO(r0oi, De
his qui puiant se Operibus jusiificari^ had been pub-
lished by Vincentius Opsopoeus, with a Latin
version, 8vo. Haguenau. 1531 ; and the first book
of the text and the version had been reprinted in
the Micropreshyticon, Basel, 1 550, and in the Ortho-
doxographa, Basel, 1555. The work Ei's rov MeA-
X'f'eSeK, De Melchizedech, which formed the ninth
tract in the collection read by Photius, and the
Greek text of the Ylepl yrja-rdas, De Jejunio, were
first published by B. M. Remondinus, bishop of
Zante and Cephalonia, with a Latin version, 4to.
Rome, 1748, and are reprinted with the other
works of Marcus, in tlie Bibliotlieca of Galland.
Some other works are extant in MS. (Palladius,
I. c; Sozomen, I. c. ; Photius, /. c. ; Niceph. Callist.
I. c. i Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 267, &c. ;
Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 401, vol. i. p. 372 ;
Oudin, De Scriptor. Eccles. vol. i. col. 902, ike. ;
Tillemont, Mtmoires, vol. x. p. 801 ; Galland,
Biblioth. Patrum, Proleg. ad Vol. VI IL c. 1.)
11. EuGENicus. [Eugenicus.]
12. Of Gaza. Marcus, the biographer of St.
Porphyry of Gaza, lived in the fourth and fifth
centuries. He was probably a native of Procon-
sular Asia, from which country he travelled to
visit the scenes of sacred history in the Holy Land,
where he met and formed an acquaintance with
Porphyry, then at .Jerusalem, some time before
a. d. 393. Porphyry sent him to Thessalonica to
dispose of his property there ; and after his return,
Marcus appears to have been the almost inseparable
companion of Porphyry, by whom he was ordained
deacon, and was sent, a. d. 398, to Constantinople,
to obtain of the emperor Arcadius an edict for de-
stroying the heathen temples at Gaza. He obtained
an edict to close, not destroy them. This, however,
was not effectual for putting down heathenism, and
Porphyry went in person to Constantinople, taking
Marcus with him, and they were there at the time
of the birth of the emperor Theodosius the Younger,
a. d. 401. They obtained an imperial edict for the
destruction both of the idolsof the heathens and their
temples ; and Marcus returned with Porphyry to
Gaza, where he probably remained till his death,
of which we have no account. He wrote the life
of Porphyrj', the original Greek text of which is
said to be extant in MS. at Vienna, but has never
been published. A Latin version ( Vita S. Por-
phyrii, Episcopi Gazensis), was published by Lipo-
maims, in his Vitiie Sanctorum, by Surius, in
his De Probatis Smctorum Vitis, and by the Bol-
landists, in the Acta Sanctorum, Februar. vol. iii.
p. 643, &c. with a Comme?iiaritis Praetnus and
notes by Henschenius. It is given also in the
Bibliotlieca Patrum of Galland, vol. ix. p. 259, &c.
(Fabric. Bibl. Graiec. vol. x. p. 316 ; Cave, Hist.
Litt. ad ann. 421, vol. i. p. 403 ; Oudin, De
Scriptor. Eccles. vol. i. col. 999 ; Galland, Biblioth.
Patrum, Proleg. ad Vol. IX. c. 7.)
1 3. Haeresiarcha, the Heresi arch, a gnostic
teacher who appeared in the second century, and
probably towards or after the middle of it. The
