THEODORUS. No. 4], who is thought to have lived in the first century after Christ, he must be placed in or before that time. (Fabric. Bihlioth. Graec. vol. x. p. '6^5.) 40. Graptus. [Graptus.] 41. Afterwards Gregorius Thaumaturgus. [Grkgoritjs Thaumaturgus.] 42. Of Heracleia. Theodore, one of the leaders of the Arian party under Constantine the Great and Constantius, was a native of Heracleia (anciently Perinthus), on the Propontis, and bishop of the Church there. He advocated the Arian doctrine while yet a presbyter, and was raised to the episcopate by the favour of the Arian partj'. (Athanas. Ad Episcopos Aegypti et Libyae, c. 7, 0pp. vol. i. p. 277, ed. Montfaucon.) He is men- tioned by Theodoret {H. E. i. 28), as one of those who persuaded Constantine to summon the Council of Caesareia in Palestine, which was, however, countermanded. [Athanasius.] He was pro- bably afterwards present at the Council of Tyre, A. D. 336 ; for he was one of the delegates sent by that Council into Egypt, to investigate the charges against Athanasius. (Theodoret. //. E. i. 30 ; Athanas. Apolog. contra Arianos^ c. 13, p. 135.) He was one of those who combined to raise Mace- donius to the see of Constantinople. (Socrat. H. E. ii. 12.) In A. D. 342 he was one of the delegates sent to convey to the emperor Constans the Con- fession of Antioch. (Athanas. De Synod, c. 25 ; Socrat. //. E. ii. 18.) He was one of the Eastern bishops who, in A. d. 347, withdrew from the Council of Sardica, and formed the rival Council of Philippopolis ; and was among those on whom the Council of Sardica passed sentence of condemnation and deposition. (Socrat. //. E. ii. 20 ; Sozomen. H.E. iii. II, &c. ; Theodoret. //. E. ii. 7, 8 ; Athanas. Apolog. contra Arianos^ c. 36, Ilistoria Arianor. c. 17 ; Hilar. Pictav. Ex Opere Histonco Fragment, iii. 29.) He nevertheless appears to have retained his bishopric, the Council not being able to carry into effect the sentence which they had pronounced. He assisted at the Council of Sirmium and the deposition of Photinus, a. d. 351. (Hilar. Pictav. ibid. vi. 7, col. 1337, ed. Benedictin.) He appears to have died about A. D. 355 (Fabric. Tillemont, ubi infra) or 358 (Cave, ubi infra). After the development of the different sections of j the Arian party Theodore acted with the Eusebians or Semi-Arians. In an ancient life of St. Par- ' thenius of Lampsacus '?i^Mdi Acta Sanctorum Fe- hruar. a. d. vii. vol. ii. pp. 41, 42), there is a Latin I version of a curious account of the sickness, recovery,
and subsequent death of Theodore (who, by an
• obvious error of the translator, is called Hypatius) ;
- in which account he is charged with avarice and
, extortion ; yet, singular to say, no hint of his I heresy is given. i Theodore of Heracleia was a man of eminent
- learning. He wrote, according to Theodoret {H. E.
I ii. 3), an exposition of the Gospels, Twu ^da>u ivayyeXiav ep/xTji/eia, Eoepositio Sanctorum Evan- geliorum, and other writings which Theodoret does not specify. Jerome {De Viris lUustr. c. 90) more i exactly ascribes to him Commentarii in Mattluieuni et in Joannem et in Apostolum (i. e. on the Acts land Apostolic Epistles) et in Psalterium. Corderius 'published, with his Eccpositio (s. potius Catena) Patrum Graecorum in Psalmos, an exposition which ihe had found ascribed in one MS. to Theodore of jHeracleia {Qeo^dpov im(TK6irov 'HpaK^elas ©pa/CTjs jf/JjuTji/fia els rohs 'VaAfxovs^ Tkeodori Episcopi He- THEODORUS. 1053 racleotae Eapositio in Psalmos), and consequently published it as his. Lambecius, Cave, and Fabri- cius, joined Corderius in ascribing it to Theodore ; but the identity of many parts of this commentary with that of Basil of Caesareia led Gamier to doubt whether it was correctly ascribed to Theodore • and, on further examination, it was found to be a compilation from various fathers, from Origen and Didymus downward. (Lambec. Commentar. de Bih- lioth. Caesaraea, vol. iii. col. 56., &c., ed. Kollar, especially Kollar's note on col. 59 ; Fabric. JJib- lioth. Graec. vol. viii. p. 652, vol. ix. pp. 20, 319, alibi ; Cave, Hist. Lilt, ad ann. 334, vol. i. p. 202 ; Tillemont, Memoires, vol. vi. passim ; Oudin, Commentarius de Scriptoribus Eccles. vol. i. col. 319.) [J. CM.] 43. Of Hermopolis, a Greek jurist. See below. 44. PIVMNOGRAPHUS. [StUDITA.] 45. Hyrtacenus, a native probably not of Hyrtacus or Artacina in Crete, but of Artace, near Cyzicus, on the Propontis. Pie lived in the time of the emperor Andronicus the elder, and occupied at Constantinople the office of superin- tendent of the public teachers of rhetoric and belles lettres. He was well acquainted with the works of the ancient poets, as is abundantly testified by his extant writings, Avhich are full of quotations from them, though these are not always of the most appropriate kind. The diction of his address to the Virgin is a close imitation of the hymn of Callimachiis to Diana; and in his panegyric on Saint Anna he has introduced the fable of Niobe. There are still extant by him ninety-three letters to diflferent persons ; a congratulatory address to the emperor Andronicus the elder, on his return to Constantinople ; three funeral orations, one on the emperor Michael Palaeologus the younger, who died A. D. 1320, another on the empress Irene, the second wife of Andronicus the elder, and the third on Nicephorus Chumnus, the historical value of which is greatly impaired by their rhetorical style. They contain a plentiful sprinkling of bib- lical and Homeric passages. His panegyric on the Virgin Mary, his oratorical description of the garden of Saint Anna near Nazareth, and a panegyric on Aninas Thaumaturgus, are still in MS. His letters were published by Laporte du Theil, in the Notices et Eactraits des Manuscrits de la Bill, du Roi, vol. V. p. 709, &c., vol. vi. p. 1. The four ora- tions are printed in Boissonade's Anecdota Gracca^ vol. i. p. 248—292. (Fabric Bill. Graec. vol. x. p. 397 ; Schbll, Geschichte der Griech. Lit. vol. iii. p. 151.) 46. Jacobita. More than one dignitary of the Jacobite sect or church bore this name. One was created bishop of Irta in a. d. 551. Another, patriarch of the Jacobites, died a. d. 665. ( Asse- mann. Bibl. Orient.Yol^i. p. 167; Fabric. Bibl.Graec. vol. X. p. 398.) 47. Bishop of IcoNiuM, a letter by whom, on the martyrdom of St. Cericus and his mother Ju- litta, was published by Combefisius. {Lect. Tri- umph. Martyr. Christi, Paris, 1660; Fabric. BilL Graec. vol. x. p. 398; Cave, ffist. Lit. vol. i. p. 534.) 48. Lector. [No. 8.] 49. Mallius or Manlius, a contemporary of St. Augustin, who dedicated to him his work' l)e Vita beata. He was consul in A. St. 399. A Latin work by hira {De Remvi Natura) is still extant, though not published. A life of Theodoras, written by Albertus Rubenius, was published by Graevius
