The above are the only persons of this name, who appeared of sufficient importance to be noticed here ; but there are several others of loss consequence, a list of whom is given by Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. X. pp. 513, 515. [P. S.]
THEO'DOTUS ((
Greek characters)), the name of an
oculist, who must have lived in or before the first
century after Christ, as he is quoted by Celsus (vi.
6, p. 119).
2. A physician of Athens in the second century after Christ, mentioned several times as a contemporary by Aristides in his Sermones Sacri.
3. A physician, who afterwards succeeded Stephanus as bishop of Laodicea in Syria, in the early part of the fourth century after Christ. He is highly praised by Eusebius (Hist Eccles. vii. 32), who dedicated to him his Praeparatio Evangelica; but he appears to have embraced the Arian heresy, and to have been one of the most active of the Arian bishops. He excommunicated Apollinaris, both father and son, on account of their intimacy with the heathen sophist Epiphanius [Epiphanius, § 10, p. 40] ; and is said to have been instrumental in deposing Eustathius, bishop of Antioch. [Eustathius,§ l,p. 119]. He held the see of Laodicea for about thirty years, and was succeeded by Georgius [Georgius, § 29, p. 251]. His name is inserted by some of the Martyrologies under the date of Nov. 2, from which it has been copied by Bzovius (Nomenclator Sanctor. Professione Medicor.) and C. B. Carpzov (De Medicis ab Ecclcsia pro Sanctis habitis); but this appears to be by mistake, and his name will probably be omitted in the "Acta Sanctorum" when the volumes for November appear. For a further account of this matter the reader may consult Usuardi Martyrol. ed. Soller.; Valesius, De Martyrol. Rom. in his Annotationes in Euseb. Hist. Eccles. p. 317 ; Baronii Annul. Eccles. vol. iv.; Tillemont, Hist. Ecclés. vol. vi.
[W. A. G.]
THEO'DOTUS, artists. 1. A medallist, whose
name is found on some very interesting coins of
Clazomenae, which have been recently discovered.
They are of silver, of a small size, and of extremely
beautiful workmanship, bearing a head of Apollo on
the obverse, with the words in minute characters, in
two lines, by the side of the head, (Greek characters). Their discovery was first published by
Abeken, in the Bullet. dell' Instit. Archeol. for 1839,
No8 8 and 9, pp. 1 37, 1 38, and they afterwards came
into the possession of the Due de Luynes, by whom
they were again published in the Nouv. Annal. de l'Instit. Archéol, pi. xxxv. Nos. 25, 26. In style
and type they are closely similar to the medals of
Mausolus II. prince of Caria, and there can be no
doubt that they belong to the same age, namely
the middle of the fourth century B.C. They
are valuable as affording one among other proofs
of the fact, which has been contested, that medallists
were sometimes permitted to inscribe their names
upon coins executed by them. For this reason,
and on account of their great beauty, M. Raoul-Rochette pronounces the opinion that they "ought
to be ranked among the most precious archaeological
discoveries of our age." (R. Rochette, Lettre à
M. Schom., pp. 73, 97, 98, 2d edition. An en-
graving of the best preserved of these medals is
given on the title-page of R. Rochette's work.
Vignette 3.)
2. A Greek painter, lived at Rome in the time of Naevius, who mentions him in the following lines of his comedy entitled Tunicularia, which are preserved by Festus (s. v. Penem antiqui codam vocabant, p. 250, ed. MUller, p. 204, ed. Lindemann):—
Sedens in cella circumtectus tegetibus
Lares ludentes peni pinxit bubulo."
These verses describe a rude picture of the Lares at play, painted on an altar at the meeting of two streets, with a rude instrument, a brush made from the tail of an ox. The painting must, therefore, have resembled the daubs which are seen on the outer walls of the houses in Pompeii and Herculaneum, and those to which Juvenal refers in the line (Sat.viii. 157):—
"Eponam et facies olida ad praesepia pictas;"
and the artist may be classed with those painters
of vulgar subjects whom the Greeks called (Greek characters) or (Greek characters) or with our sign painters.
(See Pyreicus, and Dict. of Antiq. s. v. Pictara,
p. 912, a. 2d ed.; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn,
pp. 416, 417; and, especially, the full discussion
of this comparatively unnoticed fragment of Naevius,
by Panofka, in the Rhein. Mus. for 1846, vol. iv.
pp.133 — 138: there is no ground for Bothe's
alteration of the painter's name to Theodorus.)
[P. S.]
THEODUNUS, the name given by Pococke (in
his Latin Version of Abú-l-Faraj, Hist. Dynast. p.
128) to a Greek physician in the service of Hajáj Ibn
Yusuf, the general of the chalif 'Abdu-1-Malek Ibn
Merwan, in the seventh century after Christ. He
is called in Arabic (Arabic characters) which Wüstenfeld
renders Theodun (Gesch. der Arab. Aerzte, p. 9),
but neither Theodun nor Theodunus seems to be a
genuine Greek name. He left behind him a sort
of medical compendium which he compiled for the
use of his son, and which is probably not extant
in any European library. One of the anecdotes
told by Ibn Abi Osaibi'ah of Theodocus is by
Abu-1-Faraj referred to Theodunus. [W. A. G.]
THEO'GENES ((Greek characters)). 1. An Athenian,
who, in B. c. 425, was appointed together with
Cleo» to repair to Pylos, and investigate the truth
of the tidings, which had been brought thence, as
to the difficulties of the blockade of Sphacteria.
Cleon, however, prudently persuaded the people to
abandon the proposed inquiry. (Thuc. iv. 27)
[Cleon.] It is possible that this Theogenes
should be identified with the person who is men-
tioned by Aristophanes (Vesp. 1183), and who, the
scholiast tells us, was an Acharnian (Arnoki,
ad Thuc. I. c). A man of the same name is sati-
rized also by Aristophanes (Pax, 894) for his
swinish propensities. (See also Arist. Av. 822,
1127, 1295, Lys. 63, with the Scholia.)
2. One of the Athenian ambassadors who set forth on their way to Dareius Nothus, in b. c. 408, under promise of a safe conduct from Pharnabazus. The satrap however detained them in custody at the instance of Cynis, and he could not obtain leave to release them till after the lapse of three years. (Xen. Hell. i. 3. §§ 8, 9, 13, 4. §§ 6, 7 ; Plut. Alc. 31.) [Ph.arnabazus.] Whether this was the same Theogenes who was appointed one of the 30 tyrants in b. c. 404 (Xen. Hell. ii. 3. § 2) we have no means of deciding.
[E. E.]
THEOGNE'TUS ((Greek characters)) an athlete of
Aegina, who is recorded as having gained kho
