1078 THEOGNIS. Lex. BiUiogr. s. v.) Of several other old editions, the most important are, that of Jo. Lodov, Tile- tanus, Paris, 1537, 4to. : that of El. Vinet. Santo, Paris, 1543, 4to. : that of Joachim Camerarius, who was the first to discover that the collection was not a single work by a single author, and whose edition is still very valuable for its critical and explanatory notes ; its full title is, Libcllus scolasiicus utilis^ et valde bonus., quo contincntur, T/ieoffnidis praecepta^ Pythugorae versus aurei, Phocyiidae Praecepta., Solonis, Tt/rtaei, Simonidis, et Callimachi quacdam Carmina, collecia et eocplicata a Joacldmo Camerario Pahepergen., Basil. 1551, 8vo.: that of Melanchthon, with his Explicatio., or exposition of the author, delivered in his lectures at the University of Wittemberg, Witeberg, 1560, 8vo. ; often reprmted, but without the Eoo^plicaiio : that of Seber, who used three MSS. which had not been collated before, but whose edition is inaccurately printed. Lips. 1603, 8vo.; reprinted more accurately, 1620, 8vo., but this edition is very rare : that of Sylburg, with the other gnomic poets, Ultraject. 1651, l2mo. ; reprinted, 1748, 12mo. : that of H. G. Just, Francof. et Lips. 1710, 8vo. : that of Fischern, with a German translation, Altenburg, 1739, 8vo. : that in the edition of Calliraachus, the editorship of which is doubtful, Lond. 1741, 8vo. (see Hoffmann., s. v. Callima- chtis) : and that of Bandini, with a metrical Italian version, Florent. 1766, 8vo. There are two standard modern editions ; that of Irani. Bekker, who has preserved the order of the MSS., Lips. 1815, and 2d ed. 1827, 8vo. ; and that of Welcker, who has re-arranged the verses in the manner explained above, Francof. 1826, 8vo. : there is also an edition of the text, with critical notes, by J. Gasp. Orellius, Turic. 1840, 4to. The poems are also contained in several of the ancient collections of the Greek poets, besides those of the gnomic poets already referred to (see Hoffmann), and in the following modern collections : Brunck's Gnomid Poetae Graeci, Argentorat. 1784, 8vo., reprinted 1817, 8vo. ; also reprinted, for the use of colleges and schools, by Schaefer, Lips. 1817, 12mo., and in the Tauchnitz Classics, 1815, 1829, 32mo. ; Gais- ford's Poetae Minores Graeci, Oxon. 1814 — 1820, Lips. 1823, 8vo. ; Boissonade's Poetae Graeci G?iomici, Paris, 1823, 32mo. ; Schneide win's De- lectus Poesis Graecorum, Gotting. 1838, 8vo. ; and Bergk's Poetae Lyrici Graeci, Lips. 1843, 8vo. (Fabric. ^z6Z. Grace, vol. i. pp. 704, foil.; Welcker, Prolegomena ad Theognidcm., comp. the Review by Geel, in the Dill. Crit. Nov. vol. iv. pp. 209—245 ; Schneidewin, Theogn. Eleg. Prooemium., in his Delectus., pp. 46 — bQ; Miiller, History oftlve Lite- rature of Ancient Greece, vol. i. pp. 120 — 124 ; Ulrici ; Bode ; Theognis Restitutus, The personal history of the poet Theognis deduced from an analysis of his existing Fragments, Mahit, 1842, 4to. ; this last work we have not seen ; it is favourably men- tioned by Schneidewin, who says, " manches ist sehr sinnreich aufgefasst u. anregend," in Miihl- mann and Jenicke's Repertorium d. class. Philologie, 1844, vol, i. p. 41, in which periodical also will be found references to several recent papers in the German periodicals on matters relating to Theognis: for an account of other illustrative works, see Hoffmann, Lex. Bibliogr. s. v.) 2. A tragic poet, contemporary with Aristo- phanes, who mentions him only in three passages, but they aie rich ones. In the first {Acharn. 11) THEOGNOSTUS. Dicaeopolis mentions, as one of his miseries, that, when he was sitting in the theatre, gaping for a tra- gedy of Aeschylus, the crier shouted, " Theognis, lead in your chorus :" in another, illustrating the connection between the characters of poets and their works, Aristophanes says [Thesm. 168), 6 5' av &4oyvis i^uxpbs i)v ^vxpo^s Troiei' and in the third, he describes the frigid character of his compositions by the witticism, that once the whole of Thrace was covered with snow, and the rivers were frozen, at the very time when Theognis
- was exhibiting a tragedy at Athens {Acharn. 138).
j This joke is no doubt tlie foundation for the state- ment of the scholiast that Theognis was so frigid a poet as to obtain the nickname of Xidoy (Schol. ad Acharn. 11 ; copied by Suidas, s. v.). It would seem from a passage of Suidas (s. v. NiKSfxaxos) that, on one occasion, Theognis gained the third prize, in competition with Euripides and Nico- machus. It is stated by the scholiast on Aristo- phanes, by Harpocration (s. v.), and by Suidns (s. v.), on the authority of Xenophon, in the 2d Book of the Hellenics, that Theognis was one of the Thirty Tyrants ; and perhaps, therefore, the name Qeoyeyrjs, in the passage of Xenophon re- ferred to (Hell. ii. 3. § 2), should be altered to Qeoyuis. According to these statements Theognis began to exhibit tragedies before the date of the Acharnians, B. c. 425, and continued his poeticiil career down to the date of the Thesmophoriazusae, B.C. 411, and was still conspicuous in public life in B. c. 404. Two lines are referred to by some writers, as quoted from a tragedy of Theognis, entitled ©ueo-TTjy, by Stobaeus (xcii. 5) ; but a careful ex- amination of the passage shows that it refers to the Thyestes of Euripides. We have, however, one line from Theognis, quoted by Demetrius (de Eloc. 85): HapaTiQeTai Th rS^ov, <j)6p[xiyy ^x^^P^^^- The metaphor in this line is referred to by Aristotle (Rliet. iii. 1 1 ), in conjunction with an equally bold one from Timotheus which Aristotle mentions also in other passages (Rliet. iii, 4 ; PocL xxi. 12) ; whence Tyrwhitt, Hermann, and Ritter (ad Jrist. Pott. I. c.) have fallen into the error of ascribing the former metaphor also to Timotheus, instead of 'i'heognis. (Fabric. Bibl. Grace, vol. ii. p. 324 ; Welcker, die Griech. Trag. pp. 1006, 1007; Kayser, Hist. Crit. Trag. Grace, pp. 325, 326 ; Wagner, Frag. Trag. Graec. pp. 92, 93, in Didot's BiUlo- ilieca Scn'ptorum Graecorum). 3. The author of a work irepl toSu iv "Pdhco ^vcriwu, from the second book of which is a quota- tion made by Athenaeus (viii. p. 360, b. ; Vossiua, de Hist. Grace, p. 504, ed. Westermann). [P. S.] THEOGNOSTUS {©^Syvwaros). 1. A Chris- tian writer, a native of Alexandria, the author of a work entitled rov (xaKapiov Seoyvwarov 'AKe^av- Spcas Kal i^r]yr)Tov virorvnciaeis. Photius, who speaks in very disrespectful terms of him, gives a brief account of the contents of the work. {Cod. 106.) It seems, from what he says, that Theo- gnostus closely followed Origenes. The style is described by Photius as being of a very inferior description. Athanasius, however, speaks in much higher terms of Theognostus. (Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. X. p. 709.) 2. A Byzantine grammarian, who lived at tho
