H. E. viii. 11—19; Cave, FTist. LiU. s. a. 385, pp.279, 280; Fabric. Bibl. Grace, vol. vii. pp. 108, foil. ; Murdock, note to Mosheim, EccL Hist. vol. i. p. 444, Engl. ed. ; Gieseler, Eccl. Hist. vol. i. pp. 364 — 367, Davidson's transl. ; Clinton, Fast. Horn. s. aa. 385, 387, 401, 402, 404.)
. A chronographer, of unknown time, fre- quently cited by John Malala. (Cave, Hist. Lift., Dissert, i. vol. ii. p. 19 ; Fabric. Dill. Grace, vol. vii. pp. 1 10, 444 ; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 505, cd. Westennann.)
. Presbyter, the author of a Commentary on the Orucn/a de Urbe Constayitinopolitana, of the emperor, Leo Sapiens. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. pp. 504, 505, ed. Westermann ; Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 111.)
An account of several other less important persons of this name is given in Fabricius, (Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. pp. 111 — 114.) [P. S.]
THEO'PHILUS {@d<piKos was one of the
lawyers of Constantinople who were employed by
Justinian on his first Code, on the Digest and on
the composition of the Institutes {De Novo Codiee
faciendo., § 1 , De Justinianeo Codiee confurmando,
§ 2, De Coiifirmatione Digestorum, Tanta, t^-c, § 9,
Jnstit. D. Justiniani Prooemium, § 3). In A. D.
528 Theophilus was comes sacri consistorii and
juris doctor at Constantinople. In A. d. 529 he
was ex magistro and juris doctor at Constantinople ;
and in A. D. 532 he had the titles of Illustris, Ma-
gister and Juris peritus at Constantinople. This
Theophilus is the author of the Greek translation
or paraphrase of the Institutes of Justinian, a fact
which is now universally admitted, though some of
the older critics supposed that there were two
Theophili, one the compiler of the Institutes, and
the other the author of the Greek version.
The Greek paraphrase was made perhaps shortly
afterthepromulgationofthelnstitutes A.D. 533;and
it was probably in a.d. 534 that, as professor of law
at Constantinople, Theophilus read upon the Latin
text of the Institutes, the commentary in Greek
entitled " a Greek Paraphrase of the Institutes,"
and which was intended for the first year's course
of legal studies. It may have been about the same
time that Theophilus explained to his class the first
part, or first four books (TrpcSra), of the Digest,
some fragments of which are preserved in the
scholia on the Basilica : this explanation completed
the first year's course of study. We also infer
from the same scholia that, in a. d. 535, Theophi-
lus explained to his class the second part, or the
seven books {Do Jtidiciis), for the same scholia
have preserved passages from his commentary on
this part of the Digest. There are also fragments
of his commentary on the third division {De Rebus).
His labours, apparently, did not extend beyond
A. D. 535, and he may have died in A. D. 536, as
it is conjectured. Thalelaeus, one of his colleagues,
in the school of Constantinople, speaks of him as
dead ; and probably Thalelaeus wrote about A. d.
537.
The title of the paraphrase of Theophilus is
lv(rTirovra Qeocpihov 'AvriKeuawpos, Instituta Theophili Antccensoris. It became the text for the In-
stitutes in the East, where the Latin language was
little known, and entirely displaced the Latin text.
It maintained itself as a manual of law until the
eighth and tenth centuries, though others were
Bubsequently published by the Greek emperors.
This text was employed, as we see, on all occasions
where the Institutes were used, even to the time
of the Hexabiblos of Harmenapulus, the last Greek
jurisconsult. It is conjectured, however, that there
was a literal Greek version of the Institutes, for
in some of the scholia (Basil, ed. Heirabach, i. p.
611, schol. 2) the text of the Institutes, which is
cited several times, is not that of Theophilus. It
is also conjectured that Theophilus was not the
editor of his own paraphrase, but that it was drawn
up by some of his pupils, after the explanation of
the professor ; and the ground for this opinion is
that certain barbarous expressions are found in it,
that the variations of the manuscripts are very nu-
merous, and that several passages are repeated.
The paraphrase is, however, of great use for the
study of the text of the Institutes, many passages
in which would be unintelligible without it.
The first edition of the paraphrase was by Vi-
glius Zuichemus, Basle, 1531, fol. ; and it was
followed by several others, among which that of
Fabrot was the best. But the most complete
edition is that by G. 0. Reitz, Haag, 1751, 2 vols.
4to. There is a German translation by Wiistemann,
1823, 2 vols. 8vo. {Mox.VGm., Histoire du Droit
Byzantin, ^c, Paris, 1843.) [G. L.]
THEO'PHILUS (0e(5(/)iAos), physicians. 1.
Apparently a contemporary of Galen in the
second century after Christ, who gives an account
of his delirium during an illness. {De Symptom.
Differ, c. 3, a-oI. vii. p. 60.)
. A " Comes Archiatrorum," mentioned by St.
Chrysostom in a letter to Olympias (vol. iii. p.
571, ed. Bened.), written about A. D. 407, as
having attended on himself. He may possibly be
the same person who is quoted by Aetius (see No.
3).
. The author of one or two medical formulae
quoted by Aetius (ii. 3. 41, 42, 110, pp. 318, 319,
356), must have lived some time in or before the
sixth century after Christ. It is not known whe-
ther he is the same person who is quoted by Rhazes
{Cant. i. 3, p. 6, ed. 1506), and who appears to
have written a work De Memhris Dolentibus (id.
ibid. V. 1, p. 100).
. Theophilus Protospatharius {TlpwTo-
(Tiraddpios), the author of several Greek medical
works, which are still extant, .and of which it is
not quite certain whether some do not belong
to Philaretus [Philaretus] and Philotheus
[Philotheus]. Every thing connected Avith his
titles, the events of his life, and the time when he
lived, is uncertain. He is generally called " Pro-
tospatharius," which seems to have been originally
a military title given to the colonel of the body-
guards of the emperor of Constantinople {Spatharii,
or 2«|UaTo^yAaK6s) ; but which afterwards became
also a high civil dignity, or was at any rate asso-
ciated with the government of provinces and the
functions of a judge. (See Dr. Greenhill's Notes
to Theoph., or Penny Ojclopedia^ art. Theophilus^
and the references there given.)
With respect to the personal history of Theo-
philus, if, as is generally done, we trust to the
titles of the MSS. of his works, and so endeavour
to trace the events of his life, we may conjecture
that he lived in the seventh century after Christ ;
that he was the tutor to Stephanus Atheniensis
[Stephanus, p. 907 J ; that he arrived at high pro-
fessional and political rank ; and that at last he
embraced the monastic life. All this is, however,
quite uncertain ; and with respect to his date, it
