PAULINUS. from whom he accepted the title of Comes Ilerum Privatarum, thinking thus to be secure from the hos- tility of the Goths. He was, however, disappointed. The city where he resided (apparently Bourdeaux) was taken, and his house plundered ; and he was again in danger when Vasates (Bazas), to which he had retired, was besieged by the Goths and Alans. He proposed now to retire to Greece, where his mother had good estates, but his wife could not make up her mind to go. He then thought of becoming a monk, but his friends diverted him from this plan. Misfortunes now thickened about him ; he lost his mother, his mother-in-law, and his wife ; his very children forsook him, with the exception of one, who was a priest, and who died soon after suddenly. His estates in Greece yielded him no revenue ; and he retired to Massilia (Marseille), where he hired and farmed some land, but this resource failed him, and alone, destitute and in debt, he was reduced to live on the charity of others. During his residence at Massilia, he became acquainted with many religious persons, and their conversation combined with his sorrows and disappointments to impress his mind deeply with religious sentiments. He was bap- tized in A. B. 422, in his forty-sixth year, and lived at least till his eighty-fourth year (a. b. 460), when he wrote his poem. Some have supposed, but without good reason, that he is the Benedictus Paulinus to whose questions of various points of theology and ethics Faustus Reiensis wrote an answer. [Faustus Reiensis.] (Our authority for this article is the Histoire Litleraire de la France^ vol. ii. p. 343, &c, 461, &c., not having been able to get sight of the poem itself, which is very rare. See also Fabric. Biblioth. Med. et Infim. Latinit. vol. v. p. 206, ed. Mansi ; and Cave, Hist. Liu. vol. i. p. 290, in his article on Paulinus Nolanus.) 8. Petrocorius. [Petrocorius.] 9. Of Tyre. Paulinus, bishop of Tyre, was the contemporary and friend of Eusebius of Caesa- reia, who addressed to him the tenth book of his Historia Ecdetdastica. Paulinus is conjectured, from an obscure intimation in Eusebius, to have been a native of Antioch (Euseb. Contra Marcel. Ancyr. i. 4). He was bishop of Tyre, and the restorer of the church there after it had been de- stroyed by the heathens in the persecution under Diocletian and his successors. This restoration took place after the death of Maximin Daza [Maxi- MiNus II.] in A. D. 313, consequently Paulinus must have obtained his bishopric before that time. On the dedication of the new building, an oration, na»'7J7i'piKos, Oratio Panegyrica., was addressed to Paulinus, apparently by Eusebius himself, who has preserved the prolix composition (Euseb. //. E. x. i. 4). On the outbreak of the Arian controversy, Paulinus is represented as one of the chief sup- porters of Arianism. But it is not clear that he took a dfjcided part in the controversy ; he appears to have been, like Eusebius, a moderate man, averse to extreme measures, and to the introduction of unscriptural terms and needless theological defi- nitions. Arius distinctly names him among those who agreed with him ; but then Arius gave to the confession to which this statement refers the most orthodox complexion in his power. (Theo- doret. H.E. i. 5). Eusebius of Nicomedeia (ibid. 6) wrote to Paulinus, rebuking him for his silence and concealment of his sentiments ; but it is not PAULINUS. 148 clear whether he was correctly informed what those sentiments were. Athanasius {De Synodis., c. 17) charges Paulinus with having given utterance to Arian sentiments, but gives no citation from him. He certainly agreed with the bishops of Palestine in granting to Arius the power of holding assem- blies of his partizans ; but at the same time these prelates recommended the heresiarch to submit to his diocesan Alexander of Alexandria, and to en- deavour to be re-admitted to the communion of the Church. Paulinus's concurrence in these steps shows that if not a supporter of Arianism, he was at any rate not a bigoted opponent. (Sozomen, H.E. c. 15.) Paulinus was shortly before his death translated to the bishopric of Antioch (Euseb. Contra Marcel, i. 4 ; Philostorg. H.E. iii. 15) ; but it is disputed whether this was before or after the council of Nice ; some place his translation in A. D. 323, others in A. d. 331. Whether he was present at the council of Nice, or even lived to see it, is not determined. The question is argued at considerable length by Valesius (not. ad Euseb. H.E.x. 1), Hanckius {De RerumByzant. Scriptor. Pars i. cap. i. § 235, &c.), and by Tillemont {Mem. vol. vii. p. 646, &c). We are disposed to acquiesce in the judgment of Le Quien, who places the accession of Paulinus to the see of Antioch in A. D. 323 or 324, and his death in the latter year. (Euseb. //. cc. ; Hieron. Chronicon., sub init. ; So- zoraen. Theodoret. Philostorg. U. cc. ; Tillemont, vol. vi. vii ; Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, vol. ii. col. 708, 803). [J. C. M.] PAULI'NUS, Latin fathers. 1. Of Milan (Mediolanensis), was the secretary of St. Ambrose, after whose death he became a deacon, and repaired to Africa, where, at the request of Saint Augustine, he composed a biography of his former patron. While residing at Carthiige he encountered Coeles- tius, detected the dangerous tendency of the doc- trines disseminated by that active disciple of Pe- lagius, and, having preferred an impeachment of heresy, procured his condemnation by the council which assembled in a.d. 212 under Aurelius. The accusation was divided into seven heads, of which six will be found in that portion of the Acts of the Synod, preserved by Marius Mercator. At a sub- sequent period (217 — 218) we find Paulinus ap- pearing before Zosimus for the purpose of resisting the appeal against this decision, and refusing obe- dience to the adverse decree of the pope. Nothing further is known with regard to his history, except that we learn from Isidorus that he was eventually ordained a presbyter. We possess the following works of this author: 1. Vita Ambrosii, which, although commenced soon after a.d. 400, could not, from the historical allusions which it contains, have been finished until 412. This piece will be found in almost all the editions of St. Ambrose. In many it is ascribed to Paulinus Nolanus, and in others to Paulinus Episeopus. 2. Libellus adversus Coelestium Zosimo Papae oblatus, drawn up and presented towards the close of A. D. 417. It was printed from a Vatican MS. by Baronius, in his Annales, under a. d. 218, after- wards by Labbe, in his Collection of Councils, fol. Par. 1671, vol. ii. p. 1578, in the Benedictine edition of St. Augustine, vol. x. app. pt. 2, and by Constant, in his Epistolae Pontificum Romanorum^ fol. Par. 1721, vol. i. p. 963. 3. De Bencdiotionibus Patriarcliarum, is men-
