j.56 PAULUS. except Ulpian. It is said that there are 2462 ex- cerpts from Ulpian, in the Digest, and 2083 from Puulus, or 2080, according to Puchta (Cursus, &c. vol, i. p. 458), which make about one sixth of the whole Digest. The excerpts from Paulus and Ulpian together make about one half of the Digest. Cervidius Scaevola, Paulus, and Ulpian, are named by Modestinus (Dig. 27. tit. 2. s. 13. § 2), who was the last of the great jurists, tw vofiiK^v KOpvcpaiuvs: Paulus is honoured by Gordian with the title "pru- dentissimus" (Cod. 5. tit. 4. s. 6). It has been objected to him that his style is too condensed, and that he is sometimes obscure ; but his style is as good as that of other Avriters of the period, though not so easy as that of Ulpian. Some writers have discovered something of Grecism in him, which is made an argument in favour of his Greek origin. The writings, like those of all the Roman jurists who are known to us only by excerpts, require a careful study, as we have the fragments detached from their context. Paulus commented on Javolenus, Labeo, Salvius Julianus, C. Scaevola, and Papinian. He is cited by Macer and Modestinus. The writings of Paulus mentioned in the Flo- rentine Index are the following ; from some of which there is only a single excerpt or a few, and from some not one in the Digest. 1. His great work. Ad Edictum^ in 80 books. 2. Quaestiones, in 26 books ; both these works are commented on by Cujacius (Op. torn. v.). 3. Responsa, in 23 books. 4. Brevia, in 23 books. 5. Ad Plautium, in 18 books. 6. Libriad Sabirmm^ in 16 books. 7. Ad Leges Jul. et Pap., in 10 books. 8. Regularia, in 7 books, and 9. Liber Singularis Regularium, both of which are excerpted in the Digest : the Index also mentions ReguJarium fiiSKiov eV. 1 0. Sen- ientiae sive Facta, in 6 books, but there is no ex- cerpt in the Digest ; and this work is conjectured to be the same as the Sex Libri Imperialium Sen- tentiarum, which are mentioned afterwards in this article. 11. Sententiar. Libri quinque, dedicated to his son : this work was used in the Visigoth col- lection called the Breviarium, where it is divided into titles, and called Senteniiae Receptae, a name which may have been given to it on account of its importance, and in consequence of the sanction of Constantine and Valentinian. 12. Ad Vitellium, in 4 books. 'd. Ad Neratium, in 4 books. i. Fi- deicommissa, in 3 books. 1 5. Decretorum Libri JIT., of which it is conjectured that the Decretorum Libri sex, or imperialium Senlentiarum in Cogni- tionibus prulaiarum Libri sex, or Senteniiae sive De- creta, may be a second edition. 16. De Adulteriis, in 3 books. 17. Libri tres Manualium. 18. In- stitutiones, in 2 books, from which there is a frag- ment in Boethius, Ad Ciceronis Topica, lib. 2 (ad c. 4). 19. De Officio Proconsulis, in 2 books. 20. Ad Legem Adiam Sentiam, in 3 hooka. 21. Ad Legem JuHam, in two books : there is only a single excerpt in the Digest (48. tit. 9.8. 15). 22. De Jure Fisci, in 2 books : there is only one excerpt from this work (Dig. 34. tit. 9. s. 5). 23. Regu- larium Liber Singularis, which has been already re- ferred to. 24. De Censibus, in 2 books, written in the time of Elagabalus (Dig. 50. tit. 15. s. 8). All the following treatises were in single books: — 1. De Poenis Paganorum. 2. De Poenis MUi- tum. 3. De Poenis omnium Legum. 4. De Usuris. 5. De Gradibus et Affinibus : Cujacius {Op. iom. iii. Observ. vi. c. 40) says that *' a person worthy PAULUS. of credit, into whose hands this book had conip entire, had affirmed that this work was almost en- tirely given in the 10th fragment De Gradibus" (Dig. 38. tit. 10) ; which fact, if true, shows that many of these single treatises were no more than chapters. 6. De Jure Codicillorum. 7. De Eoc' cusalionibus Tutelarum ( Vat. Frag. § 246). 8. Ad Regulam Catonianam. 9. Ad Set. Orfilianum. 10. Ad Set. Tertullianum. 11. Ad Set. Silajiia- num. 12. Ad Set. Velleianum. 13. Ad Set. Libo- nianum, seu Clawlianum ; thus it stands in the Index. 14. De Officio Praefecti Vigilum. 15. De Officio Praefecti Urbi. 16, De Officio Praetoris Tutelaris : there is no excerpt from this work in the Digest, but there are two excerpts in the Fragmenta Vaticana, §§ 244, 245. 17. De extraordinariis Criminibus : there is no excerpt in the Digest. 18. Hypothecaria, which should be Ad Hypothecariam Formulam : there is no excerpt in the Digest. 19. Ad Municipalem: there is no excerpt in the Digest, but there is an excerpt in the Fragmenta Vaticana, § 237, the commence- ment of which is also in the Digest (27. tit. 1. s. 46. § 1), but it is cited from the Liber de Cog- nitionibus ; there is also another excerpt in the Fragmenta Vaticana, § 243. 20. De Publicis Judiciis. 21. De Inqfficioso Testamento. 22. De Septemviralibus Judiciis, which, as has been sug- gested by Gronovius, ^should doubtless be De Centumviralibus Judiciis. 23. De Jure Sin- gulari. 24. De Secundis Tabulis. 25. Ad Ora- tionem D. Severi. 26. Ad Orationem D. Marci. 27. Ad Legem Velleiam: there is no excerpt in the Digest. 28. Ad Legem Cinciam. 29. Ad Legem Falcidiam. 30. De tacito Fideicommisso. 31. De Portionibus quae Liberis Damnatorum conceduntur. 32. De Juris et Facli Ignorantia. 33. De Adulteriis (Dig. 48. tit. 16. s. 16) ; yet there are excerpts from the Tres Libri de Adulteriis, which lead to the inference that there may be some error as to the Liber Singularis de Adulteriis. 34. De Instructo et Instrumento. 35. De Appellationibus : there is no excerpt from this work in the Digest. 36. De Jure Libellorum. 37. De Testamentis, by which is intended the Liber de Forma Testamenti (Dig. 32. s. 98). 38. De Jure Patronatus. 39. De Jure Patronatus quod ex Lege Julia et Papia venit. 40. De Aciionibus. 41. De Concurrentibus Actionibus. 42. De Intercessionibus Feminarum ; which is conjectured by Zimmern to be the same as the Ad Set. Velleianum. 43. De Donationibus inter Virum et Uxorem. 44. De Legihus. 45. De Legilimis Hereditatibus : there are no excerpts from the three last works in the Digest. 46. De Libertatibus dandis. 47. De Senatus Consultis. The Index does not contain the following works, unless, as Zimmern remarks, they ought to stand in place of some of the works which are named in the Index, and from which there are no excerpts ; — 1. Libri ad Edictum Aedil. Curul. 2. The excerpts from Alfenus and Labeo. 3. Libri de Officio Con- sulis. 4. And the following Libri Singulares : De Liberali Causa,De Articulis Liberalis Causae (which seems to be the same work), De Assignatione Liber- torum, De Conceptione Formularum, De Dotis Re- petitione. Ad Legem Fusiam Caniniam, De Officiis Assessorum, Ad Set. Turpillianum, De Variis Lec- tionibus, and De Cognitionibus ; and the notes to Julian, Papinian, and Scaevola, which last, however, are merely cited. There is also a passage in the
