maintained friendly relations. [Sandrocottus] Schlegel supposes Sophagasenus to signify in Sanscrit "the leader of a fortunate army," and he gives Subhagasênas as the Indian form of the name. (Indische Bibliothek. vol. i. p. 248.)
SOPHANES (Σωφάνης), an Athenian, of the
demus of Deceleia. In the war between Athens
and Aegina, just before the Persian invasion of
B. c. 490, he slew in single combat Eury bates the
Argive, before whose prowess three Athenians had
already fallen. At the battle of Plataea, in b. c.
479, Sophanes distinguished himself by his valour
above all his countrymen. One account described
him as wearing during the engagement an iron
anchor, which he had fastened by a chain to the
belt of his cuirass, and fixed in the ground to
steady himself against the charge of the enemy.
According to another statement, he merely bore
the device of an anchor on his shield, which he
kept perpetually whirling round. In B. c. 465,
Sophanes was joined with Leagrus in the command
of the 10,000 Athenians who unsuccessfully at-
tempted to colonize Amphipolis, and was slain in
battle by the natives. (Herod vi. 92, ix. 73 — 75 ;
Thuc. i. 100, iv. 102 ; Pans. i. 29.) [E. E.]
SOPHIA, the widow of Justin II. [Justinus II.; Tiberius II.]
SOPHIA′NUS (Σοφιανός). 1. Michael. There
is a Latin version by a Michael Sophianus of Aris-
totle's treatise De Anima^ which was printed with
the In Libras de Anima Aristolelis Ea'positio of St.
Thomas Aquinas, Fol. Venice (apud Juntas) 1565.
Of the age of the translator nothing appears to be
known unless we could identify him with the sub-
ject of one or other of the following articles, which
cannot be done without supposing that there is some
mistake as to his first name. If, as is likely, he is a
different person, we may conjecture that he was one
of the many Greek refugees who sought refuge in
Italy on the capture of Constantinople by the Turks,
or a Greek of Corfu, to which island we judge from
the following article a branch of the Sophiani be-
longed. We may perhaps identify him with the
Sophianus, a Greek, who translated into Latin, and
addressed to Lelio del Valle, a work De Re Militari
et de Militaribus I/idrumentis, which is extant in
the MS. in the Medicean library at Florence, or
with the author of a work In Topica Aristotelis, of
Epistolae in Laudem ipsius, and of Epigramiy.ata
Sacra, all m the Ambrosian Library at Milan.
(Montfaucon, Biblioth. Biblivtlwcar. vol. i. pp. 331,
602.)
2. Nicolaus. Raphael Volaterranus {Commen- iar. Urban. Lib. xxi.) mentions among the emi- nent persons of a then recent period, Sophianus, a Greek, who had taught Greek at Rome, but had not much cultivated an acquaintance with Latin. This notice would rather lead us to identify him with the Michael Sophianus just mentioned. [No. ].] But Vossius {De Naturu Artium, lib. ii. seu De Philoloyia, c. xi. § 21 ; Lib. iii. seu De Matliesi seu De Scicntiis Muthe7naticis, c. Ixviii. § 14) identifies him with Nicolaus Sophianus, a Greek of Corfu, who drew a map of ancient Greece, which was published, and had its value at the time, though partaking considerably of the imperfection of the geographical science of that day. Mont- faucon (I.e. p. 187) mentions among the MSS. of the Library of Card. Ottoboni at Rome Nicolai Sophiaiii Grammatica, apparently a Greek grammar, ttudin the Library of St. Miuk at Venice there is a treatise in Greek by Sophiaims, rov 2,o<piaiov De Spdaat, cod. ccccxcii. A Greek treatise by Nico- laus Hophimnis, De Praeparatioiie (s. Covfedione) et Usu Antro/abii, extant in MS. in various Libraries (Montfaucon, /. c. pp. 632, 741, 1289, Biblioth. Rey. Paris. Catal. Eol. 1740. Codd. mmcdxcix. and mmdcclxxxii. a.), must be ascribed to a later Sophianus who lived in the sixteenth century, as appears by its dedication to Pope Paul III. The similarity of the subject would lead us to ascribe the map of Greece to this later Sophianus, were it not for the assertion of Vossius.
3. Theodorus. Josias Simler in his Epitome Bibliothecae Gemerianae (p. 784, ed. Frisii. Fol. Zurich, 1583, comp. Vossius, De Scientiis Matlie- maticis, c. Iviii. § 19), speaks of the works of Theo- dorus Sophianus, which he terms Aatronoviica et Musica. The subjects would lead to the suspicion that he had in view the works of the later Nico- laus Sophianus, and gave him in mistake the name of Theodorus. There was, however, a Theodorus Sophianus in the last period of the Byzantine Empire : he was nephew of the patriarch Genna- dius II. of Constantinople [Gennadius, No. 2], as appears from the title of the funeral oration which his uncle the patriarch pronounced for him, A. D. 1 457 — 'EvrtTa^jos t^ fxaKapicf) &eo5oopcp t<j5 2,o(l)iav(fi iv TTJ lepd jnovfj BaroTreSiou ratpeuTi^ tv eltrcv e| viroyviov 6 Selos avrov rtwdSios (xova- Xos ku Tw Ta(picf, (TeTTTsS /crj, rq^e. O ratio fune- bris beati Theodori Sophiani., in Sacra Manusterio Batopedii sepulti, quam extempore pronuniiavii avunculus ejus Gennadius monachus ad sepul- crum. 28 Septembris, anno 6965. {a. n. 1457.) (Fabric. Bibl. Gruec. vol. xi. 382). It is perhaps to this Theodorus Sophianus that we may refer the Sophiani Epistola ad Ar-chiepiacujmm Philadel- phiensem in the King's Library at Paris. Cod. mccclx. {Catalog. Biblioth. Rey. vol. ii. Fol. Paris 1740). (Vossius, //. cc. ; Fabric. Bibl. Grace, vol. xi.pp. 295, 714.) [J.C. M.]
SO′PHILUS (Σώφιλος), a comic poet of the middle comedy, was a native of Sicyon or of Thebes, and composed the following dramas (Suid. s. v.): Κιθαρῳδός, Φίλαρχος, Τυνδάρεως ἢ Λήδα, Δηλία. Ἐγχειρίδιον (or Χοιρίδιον, but the other reading is more probably correct), and παρακαταθήκη, to which must be added, from Athenaeus, Συντρέχοντες, and Ἀνδροκλῆς. Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 120) refers to a play of Sophilus, entitled Γάμοι, in which Stilpo was attacked; but the reading of the passage is very doubtful, and Meineke has shown reasons for supposing that the play referred to is the Γάμος of Diphilus or of Philemon. Meineke also remarks that Σώφιλος must not be confounded with Σόφιλος or Σόφιλλος, which was a different name: the father of the poet Sophocles was named Σόφιλος. There are very few fragments of Sophilus remaining. The time at which he flourished is supposed by Meineke to have been about Ol. 108, B. C. 348. (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. pp. 424—426, vol. iii. pp. 581—584; Ed. Min., p. 794, &c.) [P. S.]
SO′PHOCLES (Σοφοκλῆς). 1. The celebrated tragic poet.
The ancient authorities for the life of Sophocles are very scanty. Duris of Samos wrote a work Περὶ Εὐριπίδου καὶ Σοφοκλέους (Ath. iv. p. 184, d.); Ister, Aristoxenus, Neanthes, Satyrus, and others are quoted as authorities for his life; and it cannot be doubted that, amidst the vast mass of
