J 034 STABULA. (I'lin. iii. 5. s. 9). Nor was it ever restored, so as to resume the rank of a town; Pliny tells us thai it was in his time a mere village, and the name is not mentioned by any of the other geographers. It is, however, incidentally noticed both by Ovid and Colu- mella (Ovid. Me^.xv. 711 ; Colum. R.R.xASS), and .seems to have been, in common with the whole coast of the Bill/ of Naples, a favourite locality for villas. Among others Pomponianus, the friend of the elder Pliny, had a villa there, where the great naturalist sought refuge during the celebrated eruption of Vesu- vius in A. D. 79, and where lie perished, suffocated by the cinders and sulphureous fumes (Pliii. Ep. vi. 16). It is certain that Stabiae was on this occasion buried under the ashes and cinders of the volcano, though less completely than Pompeii and Hercula- neum; but the site was again inhabited, and the name was retained throughout the period of the Eoman Empire, though it appears to have never again risen into a place of any consideration. It was chiefly resorted to by invalids and others, on account of its neighbourhood to the Mons Lactarius, for the purpose of adopting a milk diet (Galen, de Meth. Med. V. 12 ; Cassiod. Var. xi. 10 ; Symmach. Ep. vi. 17). Its name is found also in the Tabula, and was preserved in that of Castell 'a Mare di Stabia, borne by the modern town. The Stabiae of the Lower Empire seems to have been situated on the coast, in the bight of the Ba?/ of N'aples ; and pro- bably did not occupy the same site with the older ttiwn, which seems to have been situated about a mile inland at the foot of the liill of Gragnano. The exact spot was forgotten till the remains were accidentally brought to light about 1750; and since that time excavations have been frequently made on the site, but the results are far less interesting than those of Pompeii and Herculaneum. They confirm the account of Pliny, by showing that there was no town on the spot, but merely a row of straggling villas, and these for the most part of an inferior class. They seem to have suffered severely from the earthquake of A. d. 63, which did so much damage to Pompeii also. (Swinburne's Travels, vol. i. p 82.) [E. H.B.] STA'BULA, in Gallia, is placed by theAntonine Itin. vi. from Cambes {Gros Kembs) and sviii. from Argentnvaria (Artzenheim'). These distances bring us to a place between Otmarslieini and Bautzheim, where Rhenanus, quoted by D'Anville, says that traces of an old place are found. The word Stabula meant a station or resting place for travellers, a kind of inn, as we see from a passage of Ulpian {Dig. 47. tit. 5. s. 1): "qui naves, cau- ponas, stabula exercent ; " and the men who kept these places were " Stabularii." [G. L.] STA'BULUM, AD, in Gallia, is placed by the Antonine Itin. between Salsulae (Salses') and Sum- mus Pyrenaeus, or the pass of the Pyrenees at Bellegarde. It is supposed to be Le Boidu. which looks like a part of the old name, on the left bank of the Tech. The distances in the Itin. both from Salsulae to Ad Stabulum, and from Ad Stabulum to Summus Pyrenaeus, are a great deal too much. The name, however, and the place Le Bovht on the Tech seem to fix the position of this Stabulum. [Centuriones, Ad; vStabula.] [G. L.] STA'BULUM DIOME'DIS {Itin. Ant. p. 331; It. Ilier. p. 603), a place on the coast of Thrace, on the Via Egnalia, 18,000 paces, according to Itin. Ant., 12,000, according to It. Hier., from Porsula, or Maximianopolis ; probably the same as Pliny (iv. STAGXA VOLCAEUM. 1 1. s. 18) calls Tirida : " Oppidum fait Tirida, Dio medis equorum stabulis dirum." This Diomedes was king of the Bistones in Thrace, and was in the habit of throwing strangers to be devoured by his savage horses, till at length he himself was punished in the same way by Hercules. (Mela, ii. 2. § 8.) Lapie places it near the modern lassikeni. [J. R.] STA'BULUM NOVUM,a town probably of theCo- setani, in Hispania Tarraconensis. {Itin. Ant. p. 390.) Variously identified with Villanueva de Sitges, Villa- nueva, and Solivela, or Sagarre. [T. H. D.] STACHIR {2rdxeip, Ptol. iv. 6. §§ 7 and 8), a river on the Vv'. coast of Libya Interior, which rose in Mount Eyssadium. Not far from its source it formed a lake named Clonia, and after flowing in a westerly direction, discharged itself into the Sinus Hesperius, to the SE. of the promontory of Eyssa- dium. It is probably the same river which Pliny (v. 1. s. 1) calls Salsus, and may be the modern St. John or St. Ant07iio river, also called Rio de Guaon. [T. H. D.] STAGEIEA, STAGEIRUS {•S.Tdyapos, Herod. vii. 115 ; Thuc. iv. 88, v. 18 ; Strab. vii. p. 331, Fr. 33. 35 ; "ZTayeipa, al. STai/Teipa, Ptol. iii. 13. §10; Plin. iv. 17, xvi. 57), a town of Chalcidice in Macedonia, and a colony of Andros. The anny of Xerxes, after passing through the plain of Syleus, passed through Stageirus to arrive at Acanthus. In the eighth year of the Peloponnesian War it sur- rendered to Brasidas, and two.years aftenvards was included in the treaty between Sparta and Athens. It was the birthplace of Aristotle. Alexander, from regard to his great teacher, restored this town, which with other Grecian colonies in that quarter had fallen into decay, when W. Thrace had become part of the Macedonian kingdom. (Pint. Alex. 7; Diog. Laert. v. § 4 ; Theophr. H. P. 102; Aelian, V. H. iii. 17.) But the improvement was not per- manent, and no memorial of the birthplace of Aristotle remains, unless the coins inscribed 'Op0a- yopi(>iv are of this place, as Eckhel (vol. ii. p. 73) supposed, on the autliority of a fragment in the Geographi Minores (vol. iv. p. 42, ed. Hudson). Leake {Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 168) has fixed the site at Stavros, which he considers to be a con- traction of the old name: it is almost presumption to differ with so great an authority in comparative geography; but it may be observed that the name Stafrd* or " Cross " is common enough in Greece, and Mr. Bowen {Mount Athos, cf'C. p. 120, London, 1852) has shown, from a comparison with the pas- sage in Herodotus {I. c), that the traditional beliel of the Macedonian peasants in identifymg Isboros or Nizoro, as it is called by them, with Stageirus, rests upon .satisfactory grounds. The position of this village, on the S. face of a wooded mountain which commands a view of Mt. Athos and the Aegean, is very much that of an Hellenic city, and there are vast substructions of Hellenic masonry all around. The Epitomiser of Strabo (vii. p. 331), who lived not long before the eleventh century, has a port and island called Capkus (KctTrpos) near Stageirus, which is probably the island of Leftheridha near C. Marmdri ; Leake {I. c.) prefers, in accordance with his views that Stav}-os represents Stageirus, the port and island of Lyb- tzddha. [E. B. J.] STAGNA VOLCARUM, on the coast of Gallia Narbonensis. Mela (ii. 5) speaks of the Stagna Volcarum, which he places W. of the Rhone. They are the long line of ctangs between Aigues-Morle
